Master

"Knowledge is powerful, be careful how you use it!"

A collection of inspiring lists, manuals, cheatsheets, blogs, hacks, one-liners, cli/web tools, and more.


Pull Requests MIT License

Created by trimstray and contributors

**** ## :notebook_with_decorative_cover:  What is it? This repository is a collection of various materials and tools that I use every day in my work. It contains a lot of useful information gathered in one piece. It is an invaluable source of knowledge for me that I often look back on. ## :restroom:  For whom? For everyone, really. Here everyone can find their favourite tastes. But to be perfectly honest, it is aimed towards System and Network administrators, DevOps, Pentesters, and Security Researchers. ## :information_source:  Contributing If you find something which doesn't make sense, or something doesn't seem right, please make a pull request and please add valid and well-reasoned explanations about your changes or comments. A few simple rules for this project: - inviting and clear - not tiring - useful These below rules may be better: - easy to contribute to (Markdown + HTML ...) - easy to find (simple TOC, maybe it's worth extending them?) Url marked **\*** is temporary unavailable. Please don't delete it without confirming that it has permanently expired. Before adding a pull request, please see the **[contributing guidelines](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)**. You should also remember about this: ```diff + This repository is not meant to contain everything but only good quality stuff. ``` All **suggestions/PR** are welcome! ### Code Contributors This project exists thanks to all the people who contribute. ### Financial Contributors

## :newspaper:  RSS Feed & Updates GitHub exposes an [RSS/Atom](https://github.com/trimstray/the-book-of-secret-knowledge/commits.atom) feed of the commits, which may also be useful if you want to be kept informed about all changes. ## :ballot_box_with_check:  ToDo - [ ] Add new stuff... - [ ] Add useful shell functions - [ ] Add one-liners for collection tools (eg. CLI Tools) - [ ] Sort order in lists New items are also added on a regular basis. ## :anger:  Table of Contents Only main chapters: - **[CLI Tools](#cli-tools-toc)** - **[GUI Tools](#gui-tools-toc)** - **[Web Tools](#web-tools-toc)** - **[Systems/Services](#systemsservices-toc)** - **[Networks](#networks-toc)** - **[Containers/Orchestration](#containersorchestration-toc)** - **[Manuals/Howtos/Tutorials](#manualshowtostutorials-toc)** - **[Inspiring Lists](#inspiring-lists-toc)** - **[Blogs/Podcasts/Videos](#blogspodcastsvideos-toc)** - **[Hacking/Penetration Testing](#hackingpenetration-testing-toc)** - **[Your daily knowledge and news](#your-daily-knowledge-and-news-toc)** - **[Other Cheat Sheets](#other-cheat-sheets-toc)** - **[Shell One-liners](#shell-one-liners-toc)** - **[Shell Tricks](#shell-tricks-toc)** - **[Shell Functions](#shell-functions-toc)** ## :trident:  The Book of Secret Knowledge (Chapters) #### CLI Tools  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: Shells

  :small_orange_diamond: GNU Bash - is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn shell and C shell.
  :small_orange_diamond: Zsh - is a shell designed for interactive use, although it is also a powerful scripting language.
  :small_orange_diamond: tclsh - is a very powerful cross-platform shell, suitable for a huge range of uses.
  :small_orange_diamond: bash-it - is a framework for using, developing and maintaining shell scripts and custom commands.
  :small_orange_diamond: Oh My ZSH! - is the best framework for managing your Zsh configuration.
  :small_orange_diamond: Oh My Fish - the Fishshell framework.
  :small_orange_diamond: Starship - the cross-shell prompt written in Rust.
  :small_orange_diamond: powerlevel10k - is a fast reimplementation of Powerlevel9k ZSH theme.

##### :black_small_square: Shell plugins

  :small_orange_diamond: z - tracks the folder you use the most and allow you to jump, without having to type the whole path.
  :small_orange_diamond: fzf - is a general-purpose command-line fuzzy finder.
  :small_orange_diamond: zsh-autosuggestions - Fish-like autosuggestions for Zsh.
  :small_orange_diamond: zsh-syntax-highlighting - Fish shell like syntax highlighting for Zsh.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome ZSH Plugins - A list of frameworks, plugins, themes and tutorials for ZSH.

##### :black_small_square: Managers

  :small_orange_diamond: Midnight Commander - is a visual file manager, licensed under GNU General Public License.
  :small_orange_diamond: ranger - is a VIM-inspired filemanager for the console.
  :small_orange_diamond: nnn - is a tiny, lightning fast, feature-packed file manager.
  :small_orange_diamond: screen - is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical terminal.
  :small_orange_diamond: tmux - is a terminal multiplexer, lets you switch easily between several programs in one terminal.
  :small_orange_diamond: tmux-cssh - is a tool to set comfortable and easy to use functionality, clustering and synchronizing tmux-sessions.

##### :black_small_square: Text editors

  :small_orange_diamond: vi - is one of the most common text editors on Unix.
  :small_orange_diamond: vim - is a highly configurable text editor.
  :small_orange_diamond: emacs - is an extensible, customizable, free/libre text editor, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: micro - is a modern and intuitive terminal-based text editor.
  :small_orange_diamond: neovim - is a free open source, powerful, extensible and usable code editor.
  :small_orange_diamond: spacemacs - a community-driven Emacs distribution.
  :small_orange_diamond: spacevim - a community-driven vim distribution.

##### :black_small_square: Files and directories

  :small_orange_diamond: fd - is a simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to find.
  :small_orange_diamond: ncdu - is an easy to use, fast disk usage analyzer.

##### :black_small_square: Network

  :small_orange_diamond: PuTTY - is an SSH and telnet client, developed originally by Simon Tatham.
  :small_orange_diamond: Mosh - is a SSH wrapper designed to keep a SSH session alive over a volatile connection.
  :small_orange_diamond: Eternal Terminal - enables mouse-scrolling and tmux commands inside the SSH session.
  :small_orange_diamond: nmap - is a free and open source (license) utility for network discovery and security auditing.
  :small_orange_diamond: zmap - is a fast single packet network scanner designed for Internet-wide network surveys.
  :small_orange_diamond: Rust Scan - to find all open ports faster than Nmap.
  :small_orange_diamond: masscan - is the fastest Internet port scanner, spews SYN packets asynchronously.
  :small_orange_diamond: pbscan - is a faster and more efficient stateless SYN scanner and banner grabber.
  :small_orange_diamond: hping - is a command-line oriented TCP/IP packet assembler/analyzer.
  :small_orange_diamond: mtr - is a tool that combines the functionality of the 'traceroute' and 'ping' programs in a single tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: mylg - utility which combines the functions of the different network probes in one diagnostic tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: netcat - utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using the TCP/IP protocol.
  :small_orange_diamond: socat - utility which transfers data between two objects.
  :small_orange_diamond: tcpdump - is a powerful command-line packet analyzer.
  :small_orange_diamond: tshark - is a tool that allows us to dump and analyze network traffic (wireshark cli).
  :small_orange_diamond: Termshark - is a simple terminal user-interface for tshark.
  :small_orange_diamond: ngrep - is like GNU grep applied to the network layer.
  :small_orange_diamond: netsniff-ng - is a Swiss army knife for your daily Linux network plumbing if you will.
  :small_orange_diamond: sockdump - dump unix domain socket traffic.
  :small_orange_diamond: stenographer - is a packet capture solution which aims to quickly spool all packets to disk.
  :small_orange_diamond: tcpterm - visualize packets in TUI.
  :small_orange_diamond: bmon - is a monitoring and debugging tool to capture networking related statistics and prepare them visually.
  :small_orange_diamond: iptraf-ng - is a console-based network monitoring program for Linux that displays information about IP traffic.
  :small_orange_diamond: vnstat - is a network traffic monitor for Linux and BSD.
  :small_orange_diamond: iPerf3 - is a tool for active measurements of the maximum achievable bandwidth on IP networks.
  :small_orange_diamond: ethr - is a Network Performance Measurement Tool for TCP, UDP & HTTP.
  :small_orange_diamond: Etherate - is a Linux CLI based Ethernet and MPLS traffic testing tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: echoip - is a IP address lookup service.
  :small_orange_diamond: Nemesis - packet manipulation CLI tool; craft and inject packets of several protocols.
  :small_orange_diamond: packetfu - a mid-level packet manipulation library for Ruby.
  :small_orange_diamond: Scapy - packet manipulation library; forge, send, decode, capture packets of a wide number of protocols.
  :small_orange_diamond: impacket - is a collection of Python classes for working with network protocols.
  :small_orange_diamond: ssh-audit - is a tool for SSH server auditing.
  :small_orange_diamond: aria2 - is a lightweight multi-protocol & multi-source command-line download utility.
  :small_orange_diamond: iptables-tracer - observe the path of packets through the iptables chains.
  :small_orange_diamond: inception - a highly configurable tool to check for whatever you like against any number of hosts.
  :small_orange_diamond: mRemoteNG - a fork of mRemote, multi-tabbed PuTTy on steroids!

##### :black_small_square: Network (DNS)

  :small_orange_diamond: dnsdiag - is a DNS diagnostics and performance measurement tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: fierce - is a DNS reconnaissance tool for locating non-contiguous IP space.
  :small_orange_diamond: subfinder - is a subdomain discovery tool that discovers valid subdomains for websites.
  :small_orange_diamond: sublist3r - is a fast subdomains enumeration tool for penetration testers.
  :small_orange_diamond: amass - is tool that obtains subdomain names by scraping data sources, crawling web archives, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: namebench - provides personalized DNS server recommendations based on your browsing history.
  :small_orange_diamond: massdns - is a high-performance DNS stub resolver for bulk lookups and reconnaissance.
  :small_orange_diamond: knock - is a tool to enumerate subdomains on a target domain through a wordlist.
  :small_orange_diamond: dnsperf - DNS performance testing tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: dnscrypt-proxy 2 - a flexible DNS proxy, with support for encrypted DNS protocols.
  :small_orange_diamond: dnsdbq - API client providing access to passive DNS database systems.
  :small_orange_diamond: grimd - fast dns proxy, built to black-hole internet advertisements and malware servers.
  :small_orange_diamond: dnstwist - detect typosquatters, phishing attacks, fraud, and brand impersonation.

##### :black_small_square: Network (HTTP)

  :small_orange_diamond: curl - is a command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs.
  :small_orange_diamond: kurly - is an alternative to the widely popular curl program, written in Golang.
  :small_orange_diamond: HTTPie - is an user-friendly HTTP client.
  :small_orange_diamond: wuzz - is an interactive cli tool for HTTP inspection.
  :small_orange_diamond: h2spec - is a conformance testing tool for HTTP/2 implementation.
  :small_orange_diamond: h2t - is a simple tool to help sysadmins to hardening their websites.
  :small_orange_diamond: htrace.sh - is a simple Swiss Army knife for http/https troubleshooting and profiling.
  :small_orange_diamond: httpstat - is a tool that visualizes curl statistics in a way of beauty and clarity.
  :small_orange_diamond: httplab - is an interactive web server.
  :small_orange_diamond: Lynx - is a text browser for the World Wide Web.
  :small_orange_diamond: Browsh - is a fully interactive, real-time, and modern text-based browser.
  :small_orange_diamond: HeadlessBrowsers - a list of (almost) all headless web browsers in existence.
  :small_orange_diamond: ab - is a single-threaded command line tool for measuring the performance of HTTP web servers.
  :small_orange_diamond: siege - is an http load testing and benchmarking utility.
  :small_orange_diamond: wrk - is a modern HTTP benchmarking tool capable of generating significant load.
  :small_orange_diamond: wrk2 - is a constant throughput, correct latency recording variant of wrk.
  :small_orange_diamond: vegeta - is a constant throughput, correct latency recording variant of wrk.
  :small_orange_diamond: bombardier - is a fast cross-platform HTTP benchmarking tool written in Go.
  :small_orange_diamond: gobench - http/https load testing and benchmarking tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: hey - HTTP load generator, ApacheBench (ab) replacement, formerly known as rakyll/boom.
  :small_orange_diamond: boom - is a script you can use to quickly smoke-test your web app deployment.
  :small_orange_diamond: SlowHTTPTest - is a tool that simulates some Application Layer Denial of Service attacks by prolonging HTTP.
  :small_orange_diamond: gobuster - is a free and open source directory/file & DNS busting tool written in Go.
  :small_orange_diamond: ssllabs-scan - command-line reference-implementation client for SSL Labs APIs.
  :small_orange_diamond: http-observatory - Mozilla HTTP Observatory cli version.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hurl - is a command line tool to run and test HTTP requests with plain text.

##### :black_small_square: SSL

  :small_orange_diamond: openssl - is a robust, commercial-grade, and full-featured toolkit for the TLS and SSL protocols.
  :small_orange_diamond: gnutls-cli - client program to set up a TLS connection to some other computer.
  :small_orange_diamond: sslyze - fast and powerful SSL/TLS server scanning library.
  :small_orange_diamond: sslscan - tests SSL/TLS enabled services to discover supported cipher suites.
  :small_orange_diamond: testssl.sh - testing TLS/SSL encryption anywhere on any port.
  :small_orange_diamond: cipherscan - a very simple way to find out which SSL ciphersuites are supported by a target.
  :small_orange_diamond: spiped - is a utility for creating symmetrically encrypted and authenticated pipes between socket addresses.
  :small_orange_diamond: Certbot - is EFF's tool to obtain certs from Let's Encrypt and (optionally) auto-enable HTTPS on your server.
  :small_orange_diamond: mkcert - simple zero-config tool to make locally trusted development certificates with any names you'd like.
  :small_orange_diamond: certstrap - tools to bootstrap CAs, certificate requests, and signed certificates.
  :small_orange_diamond: Sublert - is a security and reconnaissance tool to automatically monitor new subdomains.
  :small_orange_diamond: mkchain - open source tool to help you build a valid SSL certificate chain.
  :small_orange_diamond: ssl-cert-check - SSL Certification Expiration Checker.

##### :black_small_square: Security

  :small_orange_diamond: SELinux - provides a flexible Mandatory Access Control (MAC) system built into the Linux kernel.
  :small_orange_diamond: AppArmor - proactively protects the operating system and applications from external or internal threats.
  :small_orange_diamond: grapheneX - Automated System Hardening Framework.
  :small_orange_diamond: DevSec Hardening Framework - Security + DevOps: Automatic Server Hardening.

##### :black_small_square: Auditing Tools

  :small_orange_diamond: ossec - actively monitoring all aspects of system activity with file integrity monitoring.
  :small_orange_diamond: auditd - provides a way to track security-relevant information on your system.
  :small_orange_diamond: Tiger - is a security tool that can be use both as a security audit and intrusion detection system.
  :small_orange_diamond: Lynis - battle-tested security tool for systems running Linux, macOS, or Unix-based operating system.
  :small_orange_diamond: LinEnum - scripted Local Linux Enumeration & Privilege Escalation Checks.
  :small_orange_diamond: Rkhunter - scanner tool for Linux systems that scans backdoors, rootkits and local exploits on your systems.
  :small_orange_diamond: PE-sieve - is a light-weight tool that helps to detect malware running on the system.
  :small_orange_diamond: PEASS - privilege escalation tools for Windows and Linux/Unix and MacOS.

##### :black_small_square: System Diagnostics/Debuggers

  :small_orange_diamond: strace - diagnostic, debugging and instructional userspace utility for Linux.
  :small_orange_diamond: DTrace - is a performance analysis and troubleshooting tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: ltrace - is a library call tracer, used to trace calls made by programs to library functions.
  :small_orange_diamond: ptrace-burrito - is a friendly wrapper around ptrace.
  :small_orange_diamond: perf-tools - performance analysis tools based on Linux perf_events (aka perf) and ftrace.
  :small_orange_diamond: bpftrace - high-level tracing language for Linux eBPF.
  :small_orange_diamond: sysdig - system exploration and troubleshooting tool with first class support for containers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Valgrind - is an instrumentation framework for building dynamic analysis tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: gperftools - high-performance multi-threaded malloc() implementation, plus some performance analysis tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: glances - cross-platform system monitoring tool written in Python.
  :small_orange_diamond: htop - interactive text-mode process viewer for Unix systems. It aims to be a better 'top'.
  :small_orange_diamond: bashtop - Linux resource monitor written in pure Bash.
  :small_orange_diamond: nmon - a single executable for performance monitoring and data analysis.
  :small_orange_diamond: atop - ASCII performance monitor. Includes statistics for CPU, memory, disk, swap, network, and processes.
  :small_orange_diamond: lsof - displays in its output information about files that are opened by processes.
  :small_orange_diamond: FlameGraph - stack trace visualizer.
  :small_orange_diamond: lsofgraph - convert Unix lsof output to a graph showing FIFO and UNIX interprocess communication.
  :small_orange_diamond: rr - is a lightweight tool for recording, replaying and debugging execution of applications.
  :small_orange_diamond: Performance Co-Pilot - a system performance analysis toolkit.
  :small_orange_diamond: hexyl - a command-line hex viewer.
  :small_orange_diamond: Austin - Python frame stack sampler for CPython.

##### :black_small_square: Log Analyzers

  :small_orange_diamond: angle-grinder - slice and dice log files on the command line.
  :small_orange_diamond: lnav - log file navigator with search and automatic refresh.
  :small_orange_diamond: GoAccess - real-time web log analyzer and interactive viewer that runs in a terminal.
  :small_orange_diamond: ngxtop - real-time metrics for nginx server.

##### :black_small_square: Databases

  :small_orange_diamond: usql - universal command-line interface for SQL databases.
  :small_orange_diamond: pgcli - postgres CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
  :small_orange_diamond: mycli - terminal client for MySQL with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
  :small_orange_diamond: litecli - SQLite CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
  :small_orange_diamond: mssql-cli - SQL Server CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
  :small_orange_diamond: OSQuery - is a SQL powered operating system instrumentation, monitoring, and analytics framework.
  :small_orange_diamond: pgsync - sync data from one Postgres database to another.
  :small_orange_diamond: iredis - a terminal client for redis with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
  :small_orange_diamond: SchemaCrawler - generates an E-R diagram of your database.

##### :black_small_square: TOR

  :small_orange_diamond: Nipe - script to make Tor Network your default gateway.
  :small_orange_diamond: multitor - a tool that lets you create multiple TOR instances with a load-balancing.

##### :black_small_square: Messengers/IRC Clients

  :small_orange_diamond: Irssi - is a free open source terminal based IRC client.
  :small_orange_diamond: WeeChat - is an extremely extensible and lightweight IRC client.

##### :black_small_square: Productivity

  :small_orange_diamond: taskwarrior - task management system, todo list

##### :black_small_square: Other

  :small_orange_diamond: sysadmin-util - tools for Linux/Unix sysadmins.
  :small_orange_diamond: incron - is an inode-based filesystem notification technology.
  :small_orange_diamond: lsyncd - synchronizes local directories with remote targets (Live Syncing Daemon).
  :small_orange_diamond: GRV - is a terminal based interface for viewing Git repositories.
  :small_orange_diamond: Tig - text-mode interface for Git.
  :small_orange_diamond: tldr - simplified and community-driven man pages.
  :small_orange_diamond: archiver - easily create and extract .zip, .tar, .tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar.xz, .tar.lz4, .tar.sz, and .rar.
  :small_orange_diamond: commander.js - minimal CLI creator in JavaScript.
  :small_orange_diamond: gron - make JSON greppable!
  :small_orange_diamond: bed - binary editor written in Go.

#### GUI Tools  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: Terminal emulators

  :small_orange_diamond: Guake - is a dropdown terminal made for the GNOME desktop environment.
  :small_orange_diamond: Terminator - is based on GNOME Terminal, useful features for sysadmins and other users.
  :small_orange_diamond: Kitty - is a GPU based terminal emulator that supports smooth scrolling and images.
  :small_orange_diamond: Alacritty - is a fast, cross-platform, OpenGL terminal emulator.

##### :black_small_square: Network

  :small_orange_diamond: Wireshark - is the world’s foremost and widely-used network protocol analyzer.
  :small_orange_diamond: Ettercap - is a comprehensive network monitor tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: EtherApe - is a graphical network monitoring solution.
  :small_orange_diamond: Packet Sender - is a networking utility for packet generation and built-in UDP/TCP/SSL client and servers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Ostinato - is a packet crafter and traffic generator.
  :small_orange_diamond: JMeter™ - open source software to load test functional behavior and measure performance.
  :small_orange_diamond: locust - scalable user load testing tool written in Python.

##### :black_small_square: Browsers

  :small_orange_diamond: TOR Browser - protect your privacy and defend yourself against network surveillance and traffic analysis.

##### :black_small_square: Password Managers

  :small_orange_diamond: KeePassXC - store your passwords safely and auto-type them into your everyday websites and apps.
  :small_orange_diamond: Bitwarden - open source password manager with built-in sync.
  :small_orange_diamond: Vaultwarden - unofficial Bitwarden compatible server written in Rust.

##### :black_small_square: Messengers/IRC Clients

  :small_orange_diamond: HexChat - is an IRC client based on XChat.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pidgin - is an easy to use and free chat client used by millions.

##### :black_small_square: Messengers (end-to-end encryption)

  :small_orange_diamond: Signal - is an encrypted communications app.
  :small_orange_diamond: Wire - secure messaging, file sharing, voice calls and video conferences. All protected with end-to-end encryption.
  :small_orange_diamond: TorChat - decentralized anonymous instant messenger on top of Tor Hidden Services.
  :small_orange_diamond: Matrix - an open network for secure, decentralized, real-time communication.

##### :black_small_square: Text editors

  :small_orange_diamond: Sublime Text - is a lightweight, cross-platform code editor known for its speed, ease of use.
  :small_orange_diamond: Visual Studio Code - an open-source and free source code editor developed by Microsoft.
  :small_orange_diamond: Atom - a hackable text editor for the 21st Century.

#### Web Tools  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: Browsers

  :small_orange_diamond: SSL/TLS Capabilities of Your Browser - test your browser's SSL implementation.
  :small_orange_diamond: Can I use - provides up-to-date browser support tables for support of front-end web technologies.
  :small_orange_diamond: Panopticlick 3.0 - is your browser safe against tracking?
  :small_orange_diamond: Privacy Analyzer - see what data is exposed from your browser.
  :small_orange_diamond: Web Browser Security - it's all about Web Browser fingerprinting.
  :small_orange_diamond: How's My SSL? - help a web server developer learn what real world TLS clients were capable of.
  :small_orange_diamond: sslClientInfo - client test (incl TLSv1.3 information).

##### :black_small_square: SSL/Security

  :small_orange_diamond: SSLLabs Server Test - performs a deep analysis of the configuration of any SSL web server.
  :small_orange_diamond: SSLLabs Server Test (DEV) - performs a deep analysis of the configuration of any SSL web server.
  :small_orange_diamond: ImmuniWeb® SSLScan - test SSL/TLS (PCI DSS, HIPAA and NIST).
  :small_orange_diamond: SSL Check - scan your website for non-secure content.
  :small_orange_diamond: SSL Scanner - analyze website security.
  :small_orange_diamond: CryptCheck - test your TLS server configuration (e.g. ciphers).
  :small_orange_diamond: urlscan.io - service to scan and analyse websites.
  :small_orange_diamond: Report URI - monitoring security policies like CSP and HPKP.
  :small_orange_diamond: CSP Evaluator - allows developers and security experts to check if a Content Security Policy.
  :small_orange_diamond: Useless CSP - public list about CSP in some big players (might make them care a bit more).
  :small_orange_diamond: Why No HTTPS? - top 100 websites by Alexa rank not automatically redirecting insecure requests.
  :small_orange_diamond: TLS Cipher Suite Search- cipher suite search engine.
  :small_orange_diamond: cipherli.st - strong ciphers for Apache, Nginx, Lighttpd, and more.*
  :small_orange_diamond: dhtool - public Diffie-Hellman parameter service/tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: badssl.com - memorable site for testing clients against bad SSL configs.
  :small_orange_diamond: tlsfun.de - registered for various tests regarding the TLS/SSL protocol.
  :small_orange_diamond: CAA Record Helper - generate a CAA policy.
  :small_orange_diamond: Common CA Database - repository of information about CAs, and their root and intermediate certificates.
  :small_orange_diamond: CERTSTREAM - real-time certificate transparency log update stream.
  :small_orange_diamond: crt.sh - discovers certificates by continually monitoring all of the publicly known CT.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hardenize - deploy the security standards.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cipher suite compatibility - test TLS cipher suite compatibility.
  :small_orange_diamond: urlvoid - this service helps you detect potentially malicious websites.
  :small_orange_diamond: security.txt - a proposed standard (generator) which allows websites to define security policies.
  :small_orange_diamond: ssl-config-generator - help you follow the Mozilla Server Side TLS configuration guidelines.
  :small_orange_diamond: TLScan - pure python, SSL/TLS protocol and cipher scanner/enumerator.

##### :black_small_square: HTTP Headers & Web Linters

  :small_orange_diamond: Security Headers - analyse the HTTP response headers (with rating system to the results).
  :small_orange_diamond: Observatory by Mozilla - set of tools to analyze your website.
  :small_orange_diamond: webhint - is a linting tool that will help you with your site's accessibility, speed, security, and more.

##### :black_small_square: DNS

  :small_orange_diamond: ViewDNS - one source for free DNS related tools and information.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNSLookup - is an advanced DNS lookup tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNSlytics - online DNS investigation tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNS Spy - monitor, validate and verify your DNS configurations.
  :small_orange_diamond: Zonemaster - helps you to control how your DNS works.
  :small_orange_diamond: Leaf DNS - comprehensive DNS tester.
  :small_orange_diamond: Find subdomains online - find subdomains for security assessment penetration test.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNSdumpster - dns recon & research, find & lookup dns records.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNS Table online - search for DNS records by domain, IP, CIDR, ISP.
  :small_orange_diamond: intoDNS - DNS and mail server health checker.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNS Bajaj - check the delegation of your domain.
  :small_orange_diamond: BuddyDNS Delegation LAB - check, trace and visualize delegation of your domain.
  :small_orange_diamond: dnssec-debugger - DS or DNSKEY records validator.
  :small_orange_diamond: PTRarchive.com - this site is responsible for the safekeeping of historical reverse DNS records.
  :small_orange_diamond: xip.io - wildcard DNS for everyone.
  :small_orange_diamond: nip.io - dead simple wildcard DNS for any IP Address.
  :small_orange_diamond: dnslookup (ceipam) - one of the best DNS propagation checker (and not only).
  :small_orange_diamond: What's My DNS - DNS propagation checking tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNSGrep - quickly searching large DNS datasets.

##### :black_small_square: Mail

  :small_orange_diamond: smtp-tls-checker - check an email domain for SMTP TLS support.
  :small_orange_diamond: MX Toolbox - all of your MX record, DNS, blacklist and SMTP diagnostics in one integrated tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: Secure Email - complete email test tools for email technicians.
  :small_orange_diamond: blacklistalert - checks to see if your domain is on a Real Time Spam Blacklist.
  :small_orange_diamond: MultiRBL - complete IP check for sending Mailservers.
  :small_orange_diamond: DKIM SPF & Spam Assassin Validator - checks mail authentication and scores messages with Spam Assassin.

##### :black_small_square: Encoders/Decoders and Regex testing

  :small_orange_diamond: URL Encode/Decode - tool from above to either encode or decode a string of text.
  :small_orange_diamond: Uncoder - the online translator for search queries on log data.
  :small_orange_diamond: Regex101 - online regex tester and debugger: PHP, PCRE, Python, Golang and JavaScript.
  :small_orange_diamond: RegExr - online tool to learn, build, & test Regular Expressions (RegEx / RegExp).
  :small_orange_diamond: RegEx Testing - online regex testing tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: RegEx Pal - online regex testing tool + other tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: The Cyber Swiss Army Knife - a web app for encryption, encoding, compression and data analysis.

##### :black_small_square: Net-tools

  :small_orange_diamond: Netcraft - detailed report about the site, helping you to make informed choices about their integrity.*
  :small_orange_diamond: RIPE NCC Atlas - a global, open, distributed Internet measurement platform.
  :small_orange_diamond: Robtex - uses various sources to gather public information about IP numbers, domain names, host names, etc.
  :small_orange_diamond: Security Trails - APIs for Security Companies, Researchers and Teams.
  :small_orange_diamond: Online Curl - curl test, analyze HTTP Response Headers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Online Tools for Developers - HTTP API tools, testers, encoders, converters, formatters, and other tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: Ping.eu - online Ping, Traceroute, DNS lookup, WHOIS and others.
  :small_orange_diamond: Network-Tools - network tools for webmasters, IT technicians & geeks.
  :small_orange_diamond: BGPview - search for any ASN, IP, Prefix or Resource name.
  :small_orange_diamond: Is BGP safe yet? - check BGP (RPKI) security of ISPs and other major Internet players.
  :small_orange_diamond: Riseup - provides online communication tools for people and groups working on liberatory social change.
  :small_orange_diamond: VirusTotal - analyze suspicious files and URLs to detect types of malware.

##### :black_small_square: Privacy

  :small_orange_diamond: privacyguides.org - provides knowledge and tools to protect your privacy against global mass surveillance.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNS Privacy Test Servers - DNS privacy recursive servers list (with a 'no logging' policy).

##### :black_small_square: Code parsers/playgrounds

  :small_orange_diamond: ShellCheck - finds bugs in your shell scripts.
  :small_orange_diamond: explainshell - get interactive help texts for shell commands.
  :small_orange_diamond: jsbin - live pastebin for HTML, CSS & JavaScript, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: CodeSandbox - online code editor for web application development.
  :small_orange_diamond: PHP Sandbox - test your PHP code with this code tester.
  :small_orange_diamond: Repl.it - an instant IDE to learn, build, collaborate, and host all in one place.
  :small_orange_diamond: vclFiddle - is an online tool for experimenting with the Varnish Cache VCL.
  :small_orange_diamond: Haskell Dockerfile Linter - a smarter Dockerfile linter that helps you build best practice Docker images.

##### :black_small_square: Performance

  :small_orange_diamond: GTmetrix - analyze your site’s speed and make it faster.
  :small_orange_diamond: Sucuri loadtimetester - test here the performance of any of your sites from across the globe.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pingdom Tools - analyze your site’s speed around the world.
  :small_orange_diamond: PingMe.io - run website latency tests across multiple geographic regions.
  :small_orange_diamond: PageSpeed Insights - analyze your site’s speed and make it faster.
  :small_orange_diamond: web.dev - helps developers like you learn and apply the web's modern capabilities to your own sites and apps.
  :small_orange_diamond: Lighthouse - automated auditing, performance metrics, and best practices for the web.

##### :black_small_square: Mass scanners (search engines)

  :small_orange_diamond: Censys - platform that helps information security practitioners discover, monitor, and analyze devices.
  :small_orange_diamond: Shodan - the world's first search engine for Internet-connected devices.
  :small_orange_diamond: Shodan 2000 - this tool looks for randomly generated data from Shodan.
  :small_orange_diamond: GreyNoise - mass scanner such as Shodan and Censys.
  :small_orange_diamond: ZoomEye - search engine for cyberspace that lets the user find specific network components.
  :small_orange_diamond: netograph - tools to monitor and understand deep structure of the web.
  :small_orange_diamond: FOFA - is a cyberspace search engine.
  :small_orange_diamond: onyphe - is a search engine for open-source and cyber threat intelligence data collected.
  :small_orange_diamond: IntelligenceX - is a search engine and data archive.
  :small_orange_diamond: binaryedge - it scan the entire internet space and create real-time threat intelligence streams and reports.
  :small_orange_diamond: Spyse - Internet assets registry: networks, threats, web objects, etc.
  :small_orange_diamond: wigle - is a submission-based catalog of wireless networks. All the networks. Found by Everyone.
  :small_orange_diamond: PublicWWW - find any alphanumeric snippet, signature or keyword in the web pages HTML, JS and CSS code.
  :small_orange_diamond: IntelTechniques - this repository contains hundreds of online search utilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: hunter - lets you find email addresses in seconds and connect with the people that matter for your business.
  :small_orange_diamond: GhostProject? - search by full email address or username.
  :small_orange_diamond: databreaches - was my email affected by data breach?
  :small_orange_diamond: We Leak Info - world's fastest and largest data breach search engine.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pulsedive - scans of malicious URLs, IPs, and domains, including port scans and web requests.
  :small_orange_diamond: Buckets by Grayhatwarfar - database with public search for Open Amazon S3 Buckets and their contents.
  :small_orange_diamond: Vigilante.pw - the breached database directory.
  :small_orange_diamond: builtwith - find out what websites are built with.
  :small_orange_diamond: NerdyData - search the web's source code for technologies, across millions of sites.
  :small_orange_diamond: zorexeye - search for sites, images, apps, softwares & more.
  :small_orange_diamond: Mamont's open FTP Index - if a target has an open FTP site with accessible content it will be listed here.
  :small_orange_diamond: OSINT Framework - focused on gathering information from free tools or resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: maltiverse - is a service oriented to cybersecurity analysts for the advanced analysis of indicators of compromise.
  :small_orange_diamond: Leaked Source - is a collaboration of data found online in the form of a lookup.
  :small_orange_diamond: We Leak Info - to help everyday individuals secure their online life, avoiding getting hacked.
  :small_orange_diamond: pipl - is the place to find the person behind the email address, social username or phone number.
  :small_orange_diamond: abuse.ch - is operated by a random swiss guy fighting malware for non-profit.
  :small_orange_diamond: malc0de - malware search engine.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cybercrime Tracker - monitors and tracks various malware families that are used to perpetrate cyber crimes.
  :small_orange_diamond: shhgit - find GitHub secrets in real time.
  :small_orange_diamond: searchcode - helping you find real world examples of functions, API's and libraries.
  :small_orange_diamond: Insecam - the world biggest directory of online surveillance security cameras.
  :small_orange_diamond: index-of - contains great stuff like: security, hacking, reverse engineering, cryptography, programming etc.
  :small_orange_diamond: Rapid7 Labs Open Data - is a great resources of datasets from Project Sonar.
  :small_orange_diamond: Common Response Headers - the largest database of HTTP response headers.
  :small_orange_diamond: InQuest Labs - InQuest Labs is an open, interactive, and API driven data portal for security researchers.

##### :black_small_square: Generators

  :small_orange_diamond: thispersondoesnotexist - generate fake faces in one click - endless possibilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: AI Generated Photos - 100.000 AI generated faces.
  :small_orange_diamond: fakenamegenerator - your randomly generated identity.
  :small_orange_diamond: Intigriti Redirector - open redirect/SSRF payload generator.

##### :black_small_square: Passwords

  :small_orange_diamond: have i been pwned? - check if you have an account that has been compromised in a data breach.
  :small_orange_diamond: dehashed - is a hacked database search engine.
  :small_orange_diamond: Leaked Source - is a collaboration of data found online in the form of a lookup.

##### :black_small_square: CVE/Exploits databases

  :small_orange_diamond: CVE Mitre - list of publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: CVE Details - CVE security vulnerability advanced database.
  :small_orange_diamond: Exploit DB - CVE compliant archive of public exploits and corresponding vulnerable software.
  :small_orange_diamond: 0day.today - exploits market provides you the possibility to buy/sell zero-day exploits.
  :small_orange_diamond: sploitus - the exploit and tools database.
  :small_orange_diamond: cxsecurity - free vulnerability database.
  :small_orange_diamond: Vulncode-DB - is a database for vulnerabilities and their corresponding source code if available.
  :small_orange_diamond: cveapi - free API for CVE data.

##### :black_small_square: Mobile apps scanners

  :small_orange_diamond: ImmuniWeb® Mobile App Scanner - test security and privacy of mobile apps (iOS & Android).
  :small_orange_diamond: Quixxi - free Mobile App Vulnerability Scanner for Android & iOS.
  :small_orange_diamond: Ostorlab - analyzes mobile application to identify vulnerabilities and potential weaknesses.

##### :black_small_square: Private Search Engines

  :small_orange_diamond: Startpage - the world's most private search engine.
  :small_orange_diamond: searX - a privacy-respecting, hackable metasearch engine.
  :small_orange_diamond: darksearch - the 1st real Dark Web search engine.
  :small_orange_diamond: Qwant - the search engine that respects your privacy.
  :small_orange_diamond: DuckDuckGo - the search engine that doesn't track you.
  :small_orange_diamond: Swisscows - privacy safe web search
  :small_orange_diamond: Disconnect - the search engine that anonymizes your searches.
  :small_orange_diamond: MetaGer - the search engine that uses anonymous proxy and hidden Tor branches.

##### :black_small_square: Secure Webmail Providers

  :small_orange_diamond: CounterMail - online email service, designed to provide maximum security and privacy.
  :small_orange_diamond: Mail2Tor - is a Tor Hidden Service that allows anyone to send and receive emails anonymously.
  :small_orange_diamond: Tutanota - is the world's most secure email service and amazingly easy to use.
  :small_orange_diamond: Protonmail - is the world's largest secure email service, developed by CERN and MIT scientists.
  :small_orange_diamond: Startmail - private & encrypted email made easy.

##### :black_small_square: Crypto

  :small_orange_diamond: Keybase - it's open source and powered by public-key cryptography.

##### :black_small_square: PGP Keyservers

  :small_orange_diamond: SKS OpenPGP Key server - services for the SKS keyservers used by OpenPGP.

#### Systems/Services  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: Operating Systems

  :small_orange_diamond: Slackware - the most "Unix-like" Linux distribution.
  :small_orange_diamond: OpenBSD - multi-platform 4.4BSD-based UNIX-like operating system.
  :small_orange_diamond: HardenedBSD - HardenedBSD aims to implement innovative exploit mitigation and security solutions.
  :small_orange_diamond: Kali Linux - Linux distribution used for Penetration Testing, Ethical Hacking and network security assessments.
  :small_orange_diamond: Parrot Security OS - cyber security GNU/Linux environment.
  :small_orange_diamond: Backbox Linux - penetration test and security assessment oriented Ubuntu-based Linux distribution.
  :small_orange_diamond: BlackArch - is an Arch Linux-based penetration testing distribution for penetration testers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pentoo - is a security-focused livecd based on Gentoo.
  :small_orange_diamond: Security Onion - Linux distro for intrusion detection, enterprise security monitoring, and log management.
  :small_orange_diamond: Tails - is a live system that aims to preserve your privacy and anonymity.
  :small_orange_diamond: vedetta - OpenBSD router boilerplate.
  :small_orange_diamond: Qubes OS - is a security-oriented OS that uses Xen-based virtualization.

##### :black_small_square: HTTP(s) Services

  :small_orange_diamond: Varnish Cache - HTTP accelerator designed for content-heavy dynamic web sites.
  :small_orange_diamond: Nginx - open source web and reverse proxy server that is similar to Apache, but very light weight.
  :small_orange_diamond: OpenResty - is a dynamic web platform based on NGINX and LuaJIT.
  :small_orange_diamond: Tengine - a distribution of Nginx with some advanced features.
  :small_orange_diamond: Caddy Server - is an open source, HTTP/2-enabled web server with HTTPS by default.
  :small_orange_diamond: HAProxy - the reliable, high performance TCP/HTTP load balancer.

##### :black_small_square: DNS Services

  :small_orange_diamond: Unbound - validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver (with TLS).
  :small_orange_diamond: Knot Resolver - caching full resolver implementation, including both a resolver library and a daemon.
  :small_orange_diamond: PowerDNS - is an open source authoritative DNS server, written in C++ and licensed under the GPL.

##### :black_small_square: Other Services

  :small_orange_diamond: 3proxy - tiny free proxy server.

##### :black_small_square: Security/hardening

  :small_orange_diamond: Emerald Onion - is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and transit internet service provider (ISP).
  :small_orange_diamond: pi-hole - the Pi-hole® is a DNS sinkhole that protects your devices from unwanted content.
  :small_orange_diamond: maltrail - malicious traffic detection system.
  :small_orange_diamond: security_monkey - monitors AWS, GCP, OpenStack, and GitHub orgs for assets and their changes over time.
  :small_orange_diamond: firecracker - secure and fast microVMs for serverless computing.
  :small_orange_diamond: streisand - sets up a new server running your choice of WireGuard, OpenSSH, OpenVPN, and more.

#### Networks  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: Tools

  :small_orange_diamond: CapAnalysis - web visual tool to analyze large amounts of captured network traffic (PCAP analyzer).
  :small_orange_diamond: netbox - IP address management (IPAM) and data center infrastructure management (DCIM) tool.

##### :black_small_square: Labs

  :small_orange_diamond: NRE Labs - learn automation by doing it. Right now, right here, in your browser.

##### :black_small_square: Other

  :small_orange_diamond: LBNL's Network Research Group - home page of the Network Research Group (NRG).

#### Containers/Orchestration  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: CLI Tools

  :small_orange_diamond: gvisor - container runtime sandbox.
  :small_orange_diamond: ctop - top-like interface for container metrics.

##### :black_small_square: Web Tools

  :small_orange_diamond: Moby - a collaborative project for the container ecosystem to assemble container-based system.
  :small_orange_diamond: Traefik - open source reverse proxy/load balancer provides easier integration with Docker and Let's encrypt.
  :small_orange_diamond: kong - The Cloud-Native API Gateway.
  :small_orange_diamond: rancher - complete container management platform.
  :small_orange_diamond: portainer - making Docker management easy.
  :small_orange_diamond: nginx-proxy - automated nginx proxy for Docker containers using docker-gen.
  :small_orange_diamond: bunkerized-nginx - nginx docker image "secure by default".

##### :black_small_square: Security

  :small_orange_diamond: docker-bench-security - checks for dozens of common best-practices around deploying Docker.
  :small_orange_diamond: trivy - vulnerability scanner for containers, suitable for CI.
  :small_orange_diamond: Harbor - cloud native registry project that stores, signs, and scans content.
  :small_orange_diamond: Houdini - hundreds of offensive and useful docker images for network intrusion.

##### :black_small_square: Manuals/Tutorials/Best Practices

  :small_orange_diamond: docker-cheat-sheet - a quick reference cheat sheet on Docker.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-docker - a curated list of Docker resources and projects.
  :small_orange_diamond: docker_practice - learn and understand Docker technologies, with real DevOps practice!
  :small_orange_diamond: labs - is a collection of tutorials for learning how to use Docker with various tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: dockerfiles - various Dockerfiles I use on the desktop and on servers.
  :small_orange_diamond: kubernetes-the-hard-way - bootstrap Kubernetes the hard way on Google Cloud Platform. No scripts.
  :small_orange_diamond: kubernetes-the-easy-way - bootstrap Kubernetes the easy way on Google Cloud Platform. No scripts.
  :small_orange_diamond: cheatsheet-kubernetes-A4 - Kubernetes CheatSheets in A4.
  :small_orange_diamond: k8s-security - kubernetes security notes and best practices.
  :small_orange_diamond: kubernetes-production-best-practices - checklists with best-practices for production-ready Kubernetes.
  :small_orange_diamond: kubernetes-production-best-practices - kubernetes security - best practice guide.
  :small_orange_diamond: kubernetes-failure-stories - is a compilation of public failure/horror stories related to Kubernetes.

#### Manuals/Howtos/Tutorials  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: Shell/Command line

  :small_orange_diamond: pure-bash-bible - is a collection of pure bash alternatives to external processes.
  :small_orange_diamond: pure-sh-bible - is a collection of pure POSIX sh alternatives to external processes.
  :small_orange_diamond: bash-guide - is a guide to learn bash.
  :small_orange_diamond: bash-handbook - for those who wanna learn Bash.
  :small_orange_diamond: The Bash Hackers Wiki - hold documentation of any kind about GNU Bash.
  :small_orange_diamond: Shell & Utilities - describes the commands offered to application programs by POSIX-conformant systems.
  :small_orange_diamond: the-art-of-command-line - master the command line, in one page.
  :small_orange_diamond: Shell Style Guide - a shell style guide for Google-originated open-source projects.

##### :black_small_square: Text Editors

  :small_orange_diamond: Vim Cheat Sheet - great multi language vim guide.

##### :black_small_square: Python

  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Python - a curated list of awesome Python frameworks, libraries, software and resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: python-cheatsheet - comprehensive Python cheatsheet.
  :small_orange_diamond: pythoncheatsheet.org - basic reference for beginner and advanced developers.

##### :black_small_square: Sed & Awk & Other

  :small_orange_diamond: F’Awk Yeah! - advanced sed and awk usage (Parsing for Pentesters 3).

##### :black_small_square: \*nix & Network

  :small_orange_diamond: nixCraft - linux and unix tutorials for new and seasoned sysadmin.
  :small_orange_diamond: TecMint - the ideal Linux blog for Sysadmins & Geeks.
  :small_orange_diamond: Omnisecu - free Networking, System Administration and Security tutorials.
  :small_orange_diamond: linux-cheat - Linux tutorials and cheatsheets. Minimal examples. Mostly user-land CLI utilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: linuxupskillchallenge - learn the skills required to sysadmin.
  :small_orange_diamond: Unix Toolbox - Unix/Linux/BSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users.
  :small_orange_diamond: Linux Kernel Teaching - is a collection of lectures and labs Linux kernel topics.
  :small_orange_diamond: htop explained - explanation of everything you can see in htop/top on Linux.
  :small_orange_diamond: Linux Guide and Hints - tutorials on system administration in Fedora and CentOS.
  :small_orange_diamond: strace-little-book - a little book which introduces strace.
  :small_orange_diamond: linux-tracing-workshop - examples and hands-on labs for Linux tracing tools workshops.
  :small_orange_diamond: http2-explained - a detailed document explaining and documenting HTTP/2.
  :small_orange_diamond: http3-explained - a document describing the HTTP/3 and QUIC protocols.
  :small_orange_diamond: HTTP/2 in Action - an excellent introduction to the new HTTP/2 standard.
  :small_orange_diamond: Let's code a TCP/IP stack - great stuff to learn network and system programming at a deeper level.
  :small_orange_diamond: Nginx Admin's Handbook - how to improve NGINX performance, security and other important things.
  :small_orange_diamond: nginxconfig.io - NGINX config generator on steroids.
  :small_orange_diamond: openssh guideline - is to help operational teams with the configuration of OpenSSH server and client.
  :small_orange_diamond: SSH Handshake Explained - is a relatively brief description of the SSH handshake.
  :small_orange_diamond: ISC's Knowledgebase - you'll find some general information about BIND 9, ISC DHCP, and Kea DHCP.
  :small_orange_diamond: PacketLife.net - a place to record notes while studying for Cisco's CCNP certification.

##### :black_small_square: Microsoft

  :small_orange_diamond: AD-Attack-Defense - attack and defend active directory using modern post exploitation activity.

##### :black_small_square: Large-scale systems

  :small_orange_diamond: The System Design Primer - learn how to design large-scale systems.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Scalability - best practices in building High Scalability, High Availability, High Stability, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: Web Architecture 101 - the basic architecture concepts.

##### :black_small_square: System hardening

  :small_orange_diamond: CIS Benchmarks - secure configuration settings for over 100 technologies, available as a free PDF.
  :small_orange_diamond: Security Harden CentOS 7 - this walks you through the steps required to security harden CentOS.
  :small_orange_diamond: CentOS 7 Server Hardening Guide - great guide for hardening CentOS; familiar with OpenSCAP.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-security-hardening - is a collection of security hardening guides, tools and other resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: The Practical Linux Hardening Guide - provides a high-level overview of hardening GNU/Linux systems.
  :small_orange_diamond: Linux Hardening Guide - how to harden Linux as much as possible for security and privacy.

##### :black_small_square: Security & Privacy

  :small_orange_diamond: Hacking Articles - LRaj Chandel's Security & Hacking Blog.
  :small_orange_diamond: AWS security tools - make your AWS cloud environment more secure.
  :small_orange_diamond: Rawsec's CyberSecurity Inventory - an inventory of tools and resources about CyberSecurity.
  :small_orange_diamond: The Illustrated TLS Connection - every byte of a TLS connection explained and reproduced.
  :small_orange_diamond: SSL Research - SSL and TLS Deployment Best Practices by SSL Labs.
  :small_orange_diamond: SELinux Game - learn SELinux by doing. Solve Puzzles, show skillz.
  :small_orange_diamond: Certificates and PKI - everything you should know about certificates and PKI but are too afraid to ask.
  :small_orange_diamond: The Art of Subdomain Enumeration - a reference for subdomain enumeration techniques.
  :small_orange_diamond: Quitting Google - the comprehensive guide to quitting Google.

##### :black_small_square: Web Apps

  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP - worldwide not-for-profit charitable organization focused on improving the security of software.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP ASVS 3.0.1 - OWASP Application Security Verification Standard Project.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP ASVS 3.0.1 Web App - simple web app that helps developers understand the ASVS requirements.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP ASVS 4.0 - is a list of application security requirements or tests.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Testing Guide v4 - includes a "best practice" penetration testing framework.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Dev Guide - this is the development version of the OWASP Developer Guide.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP WSTG - is a comprehensive open source guide to testing the security of web apps.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP API Security Project - focuses specifically on the top ten vulnerabilities in API security.
  :small_orange_diamond: Mozilla Web Security - help operational teams with creating secure web applications.
  :small_orange_diamond: security-bulletins - security bulletins that relate to Netflix Open Source.
  :small_orange_diamond: API-Security-Checklist - security countermeasures when designing, testing, and releasing your API.
  :small_orange_diamond: Enable CORS - enable cross-origin resource sharing.
  :small_orange_diamond: Application Security Wiki - is an initiative to provide all application security related resources at one place.
  :small_orange_diamond: Weird Proxies - reverse proxy related attacks; it is a result of analysis of various proxies.
  :small_orange_diamond: Webshells - great series about malicious payloads.
  :small_orange_diamond: Practical Web Cache Poisoning - show you how to compromise websites by using esoteric web features.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hidden directories and files - as a source of sensitive information about web application.
  :small_orange_diamond: Explosive blog - great blog about cybersec and pentests.
  :small_orange_diamond: Security Cookies - this paper will take a close look at cookie security.
  :small_orange_diamond: APISecurityBestPractices - help you keep secrets (API keys, db credentials, certificates) out of source code.

##### :black_small_square: All-in-one

  :small_orange_diamond: LZone Cheat Sheets - all cheat sheets.
  :small_orange_diamond: Dan’s Cheat Sheets’s - massive cheat sheets documentation.
  :small_orange_diamond: Rico's cheatsheets - this is a modest collection of cheatsheets.
  :small_orange_diamond: DevDocs API - combines multiple API documentations in a fast, organized, and searchable interface.
  :small_orange_diamond: cheat.sh - the only cheat sheet you need.
  :small_orange_diamond: gnulinux.guru - collection of cheat sheets about bash, vim and networking.
  :small_orange_diamond: Web Skills - visual overview of useful skills to learn as a web developer.

##### :black_small_square: Ebooks

  :small_orange_diamond: free-programming-books - list of free learning resources in many languages.

##### :black_small_square: Other

  :small_orange_diamond: CTF Series : Vulnerable Machines - the steps below could be followed to find vulnerabilities and exploits.
  :small_orange_diamond: 50M_CTF_Writeup - $50 million CTF from Hackerone - writeup.
  :small_orange_diamond: ctf-tasks - an archive of low-level CTF challenges developed over the years.
  :small_orange_diamond: How to start RE/malware analysis? - collection of some hints and useful links for the beginners.
  :small_orange_diamond: The C10K problem - it's time for web servers to handle ten thousand clients simultaneously, don't you think?
  :small_orange_diamond: How 1500 bytes became the MTU of the internet - great story about the Maximum Transmission Unit.
  :small_orange_diamond: poor man's profiler - like dtrace's don't really provide methods to see what programs are blocking on.
  :small_orange_diamond: HTTPS on Stack Overflow - this is the story of a long journey regarding the implementation of SSL.
  :small_orange_diamond: Julia's Drawings - some drawings about programming and unix world, zines about systems & debugging tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hash collisions - this great repository is focused on hash collisions exploitation.
  :small_orange_diamond: sha256-animation - animation of the SHA-256 hash function in your terminal.
  :small_orange_diamond: sha256algorithm - sha256 algorithm explained online step by step visually.
  :small_orange_diamond: BGP Meets Cat - after 3072 hours of manipulating BGP, Job Snijders has succeeded in drawing a Nyancat.
  :small_orange_diamond: bgp-battleships - playing battleships over BGP.
  :small_orange_diamond: What happens when... - you type google.com into your browser and press enter?
  :small_orange_diamond: how-web-works - based on the 'What happens when...' repository.
  :small_orange_diamond: HTTPS in the real world - great tutorial explain how HTTPS works in the real world.
  :small_orange_diamond: Gitlab and NFS bug - how we spent two weeks hunting an NFS bug in the Linux kernel.
  :small_orange_diamond: Gitlab melts down - postmortem on the database outage of January 31 2017 with the lessons we learned.
  :small_orange_diamond: How To Become A Hacker - if you want to be a hacker, keep reading.
  :small_orange_diamond: Operation Costs in CPU - should help to estimate costs of certain operations in CPU clocks.
  :small_orange_diamond: Let's Build a Simple Database - writing a sqlite clone from scratch in C.
  :small_orange_diamond: simple-computer - great resource to understand how computers work under the hood.
  :small_orange_diamond: The story of "Have I been pwned?" - working with 154 million records on Azure Table Storage.
  :small_orange_diamond: TOP500 Supercomputers - shows the 500 most powerful commercially available computer systems known to us.
  :small_orange_diamond: How to build a 8 GPU password cracker - any "black magic" or hours of frustration like desktop components do.
  :small_orange_diamond: CERN Data Centre - 3D visualizations of the CERN computing environments (and more).
  :small_orange_diamond: How fucked is my database - evaluate how fucked your database is with this handy website.
  :small_orange_diamond: Linux Troubleshooting 101 , 2016 Edition - everything is a DNS Problem...
  :small_orange_diamond: Five Whys - you know what the problem is, but you cannot solve it?
  :small_orange_diamond: Maersk, me & notPetya - how did ransomware successfully hijack hundreds of domain controllers?
  :small_orange_diamond: howhttps.works - how HTTPS works ...in a comic!
  :small_orange_diamond: howdns.works - a fun and colorful explanation of how DNS works.
  :small_orange_diamond: POSTGRESQLCO.NF - your postgresql.conf documentation and recommendations.

#### Inspiring Lists  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: SysOps/DevOps

  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Sysadmin - amazingly awesome open source sysadmin resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Shell - awesome command-line frameworks, toolkits, guides and gizmos.
  :small_orange_diamond: Command-line-text-processing - finding text to search and replace, sorting to beautifying, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Pcaptools - collection of tools developed by other researchers to process network traces.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-ebpf - a curated list of awesome projects related to eBPF.
  :small_orange_diamond: Linux Network Performance - where some of the network sysctl variables fit into the Linux/Kernel network flow.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Postgres - list of awesome PostgreSQL software, libraries, tools and resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: quick-SQL-cheatsheet - a quick reminder of all SQL queries and examples on how to use them.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome-Selfhosted - list of Free Software network services and web applications which can be hosted locally.
  :small_orange_diamond: List of applications - huge list of apps sorted by category, as a reference for those looking for packages.
  :small_orange_diamond: CS-Interview-Knowledge-Map - build the best interview map.
  :small_orange_diamond: DevOps-Guide - DevOps Guide from basic to advanced with Interview Questions and Notes.
  :small_orange_diamond: FreeBSD Journal - it is a great list of periodical magazines about FreeBSD and other important things.
  :small_orange_diamond: devops-interview-questions - contains interview questions on various DevOps and SRE related topics.

##### :black_small_square: Developers

  :small_orange_diamond: Web Developer Roadmap - roadmaps, articles and resources to help you choose your path, learn and improve.
  :small_orange_diamond: Front-End-Checklist - the perfect Front-End Checklist for modern websites and meticulous developers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Front-End-Performance-Checklist - Front-End Performance Checklist that runs faster than the others.
  :small_orange_diamond: Python's Magic Methods - what are magic methods? They're everything in object-oriented Python.
  :small_orange_diamond: wtfpython - a collection of surprising Python snippets and lesser-known features.
  :small_orange_diamond: js-dev-reads - a list of books and articles for the discerning web developer to read.
  :small_orange_diamond: Commit messages guide - a guide to understand the importance of commit messages.

##### :black_small_square: Security/Pentesting

  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Web Security - a curated list of Web Security materials and resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-cyber-skills - a curated list of hacking environments where you can train your cyber skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-devsecops - an authoritative list of awesome devsecops tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-osint - is a curated list of amazingly awesome OSINT.
  :small_orange_diamond: HolyTips - tips and tutorials on Bug Bounty Hunting and Web App Security.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-threat-intelligence - a curated list of Awesome Threat Intelligence resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: Red-Teaming-Toolkit - a collection of open source and commercial tools that aid in red team operations.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-burp-extensions - a curated list of amazingly awesome Burp Extensions.
  :small_orange_diamond: Free Security eBooks - list of a Free Security and Hacking eBooks.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hacking-Security-Ebooks - top 100 Hacking & Security E-Books.
  :small_orange_diamond: privacy-respecting - curated list of privacy respecting services and software.
  :small_orange_diamond: reverse-engineering - list of awesome reverse engineering resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: linux-re-101 - a collection of resources for linux reverse engineering.
  :small_orange_diamond: reverseengineering-reading-list - a list of Reverse Engineering articles, books, and papers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome-WAF - a curated list of awesome web-app firewall (WAF) stuff.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-shodan-queries - interesting, funny, and depressing search queries to plug into shodan.io.
  :small_orange_diamond: RobotsDisallowed - a curated list of the most common and most interesting robots.txt disallowed directories.
  :small_orange_diamond: HackingNeuralNetworks - is a small course on exploiting and defending neural networks.
  :small_orange_diamond: wildcard-certificates - why you probably shouldn't use a wildcard certificate.
  :small_orange_diamond: Don't use VPN services - which is what every third-party "VPN provider" does.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-yara - a curated list of awesome YARA rules, tools, and people.
  :small_orange_diamond: macOS-Security-and-Privacy-Guide - guide to securing and improving privacy on macOS.
  :small_orange_diamond: macos_security - macOS Security Compliance Project.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-sec-talks - is a collected list of awesome security talks.
  :small_orange_diamond: Movies for Hackers - list of movies every hacker & cyberpunk must watch.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cryptography_1 - materials used whilst taking Prof. Dan Boneh Stanford Crypto course.
  :small_orange_diamond: Crypton - library to learn and practice Offensive and Defensive Cryptography.

##### :black_small_square: Other

  :small_orange_diamond: Cheatography - over 3,000 free cheat sheets, revision aids and quick references.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-static-analysis - static analysis tools for all programming languages.
  :small_orange_diamond: computer-science - path to a free self-taught education in Computer Science.
  :small_orange_diamond: post-mortems - is a collection of postmortems (config errors, hardware failures, and more).
  :small_orange_diamond: build-your-own-x - build your own (insert technology here).
  :small_orange_diamond: Project-Based-Tutorials-in-C - is a curated list of project-based tutorials in C.
  :small_orange_diamond: The-Documentation-Compendium - various README templates & tips on writing high-quality documentation.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-python-applications - free software that works great, and also happens to be open-source Python.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-public-datasets - a topic-centric list of HQ open datasets.
  :small_orange_diamond: machine-learning-algorithms - a curated list of all machine learning algorithms and concepts.

#### Blogs/Podcasts/Videos  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: SysOps/DevOps

  :small_orange_diamond: Varnish for PHP developers - very interesting presentation of Varnish by Mattias Geniar.
  :small_orange_diamond: A Netflix Guide to Microservices - talks about the chaotic and vibrant world of microservices at Netflix.

##### :black_small_square: Developers

  :small_orange_diamond: Comparing C to machine lang - compare a simple C app with the compiled machine code of that program.

##### :black_small_square: Geeky Persons

  :small_orange_diamond: Brendan Gregg's Blog - is an industry expert in computing performance and cloud computing.
  :small_orange_diamond: Gynvael "GynDream" Coldwind - is a IT security engineer at Google.
  :small_orange_diamond: Michał "lcamtuf" Zalewski - white hat hacker, computer security expert.
  :small_orange_diamond: Mattias Geniar - developer, sysadmin, blogger, podcaster and public speaker.
  :small_orange_diamond: Nick Craver - software developer and systems administrator for Stack Exchange.
  :small_orange_diamond: Scott Helme - security researcher, speaker and founder of securityheaders.com and report-uri.com.
  :small_orange_diamond: Brian Krebs - The Washington Post and now an Independent investigative journalist.
  :small_orange_diamond: Bruce Schneier - is an internationally renowned security technologist, called a "security guru".
  :small_orange_diamond: Chrissy Morgan - advocate of practical learning, Chrissy also takes part in bug bounty programs.
  :small_orange_diamond: Andy Gill - is a hacker at heart who works as a senior penetration tester.
  :small_orange_diamond: Daniel Miessler - cybersecurity expert and writer.
  :small_orange_diamond: Samy Kamkar - is an American privacy and security researcher, computer hacker.
  :small_orange_diamond: Javvad Malik - is a security advocate at AlienVault, a blogger event speaker and industry commentator.
  :small_orange_diamond: Graham Cluley - public speaker and independent computer security analyst.
  :small_orange_diamond: Kacper Szurek - detection engineer at ESET.
  :small_orange_diamond: Troy Hunt - web security expert known for public education and outreach on security topics.
  :small_orange_diamond: raymii.org - sysadmin specializing in building high availability cloud environments.
  :small_orange_diamond: Robert Penz - IT security expert.

##### :black_small_square: Geeky Blogs

  :small_orange_diamond: Linux Audit - the Linux security blog about auditing, hardening and compliance by Michael Boelen.
  :small_orange_diamond: Linux Security Expert - trainings, howtos, checklists, security tools, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: The Grymoire - collection of useful incantations for wizards, be you computer wizards, magicians, or whatever.
  :small_orange_diamond: Secjuice - is the only non-profit, independent and volunteer led publication in the information security space.
  :small_orange_diamond: Decipher - security news that informs and inspires.

##### :black_small_square: Geeky Vendor Blogs

  :small_orange_diamond: Tenable Podcast - conversations and interviews related to Cyber Exposure, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: Sophos - threat news room, giving you news, opinion, advice and research on computer security issues.
  :small_orange_diamond: Tripwire State of Security - blog featuring the latest news, trends and insights on current security issues.
  :small_orange_diamond: Malwarebytes Labs Blog - security blog aims to provide insider news about cybersecurity.
  :small_orange_diamond: TrustedSec - latest news, and trends about cybersecurity.
  :small_orange_diamond: PortSwigger Web Security Blog - about web app security vulns and top tips from our team of web security.
  :small_orange_diamond: AT&T Cybersecurity blog - news on emerging threats and practical advice to simplify threat detection.
  :small_orange_diamond: Thycotic - where CISOs and IT Admins come to learn about industry trends, IT security, and more.

##### :black_small_square: Geeky Cybersecurity Podcasts

  :small_orange_diamond: Risky Business - is a weekly information security podcast featuring news and in-depth interviews.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cyber, by Motherboard - stories, and focus on the ideas about cybersecurity.
  :small_orange_diamond: Tenable Podcast - conversations and interviews related to Cyber Exposure, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cybercrime Investigations - podcast by Geoff White about cybercrimes.
  :small_orange_diamond: The many hats club - featuring stories from a wide range of Infosec people (Whitehat, Greyhat and Blackhat).
  :small_orange_diamond: Darknet Diaries - true stories from the dark side of the Internet.
  :small_orange_diamond: OSINTCurious Webcasts - is the investigative curiosity that helps people be successful in OSINT.
  :small_orange_diamond: Security Weekly - the latest information security and hacking news.

##### :black_small_square: Geeky Cybersecurity Video Blogs

  :small_orange_diamond: rev3rse security - offensive, binary exploitation, web app security, hardening, red team, blue team.
  :small_orange_diamond: LiveOverflow - a lot more advanced topics than what is typically offered in paid online courses - but for free.
  :small_orange_diamond: J4vv4D - the important information regarding our internet security.
  :small_orange_diamond: CyberTalks - talks, interviews, and article about cybersecurity.

##### :black_small_square: Best Personal Twitter Accounts

  :small_orange_diamond: @blackroomsec - a white-hat hacker/pentester. Intergalactic Minesweeper Champion 1990.
  :small_orange_diamond: @MarcoCiappelli - Co-Founder @ITSPmagazine, at the intersection of IT security and society.
  :small_orange_diamond: @binitamshah - Linux Evangelist. Malwares. Kernel Dev. Security Enthusiast.
  :small_orange_diamond: @joe_carson - an InfoSec Professional and Tech Geek.
  :small_orange_diamond: @mikko - CRO at F-Secure, Reverse Engineer, TED Speaker, Supervillain.
  :small_orange_diamond: @esrtweet - often referred to as ESR, is an American software developer, and open-source software advocate.
  :small_orange_diamond: @gynvael - security researcher/programmer, @DragonSectorCTF founder/player, technical streamer.
  :small_orange_diamond: @x0rz - Security Researcher & Cyber Observer.
  :small_orange_diamond: @hasherezade - programmer, malware analyst. Author of PEbear, PEsieve, libPeConv.
  :small_orange_diamond: @TinkerSec - tinkerer, cypherpunk, hacker.
  :small_orange_diamond: @alisaesage - independent hacker and researcher.
  :small_orange_diamond: @SwiftOnSecurity - systems security, industrial safety, sysadmin, author of decentsecurity.com.
  :small_orange_diamond: @dakami - is one of just seven people with the authority to restore the DNS root keys.
  :small_orange_diamond: @samykamkar - is a famous "grey hat" hacker, security researcher, creator of the MySpace "Samy" worm.
  :small_orange_diamond: @securityweekly - founder & CTO of Security Weekly podcast network.
  :small_orange_diamond: @jack_daniel - @SecurityBSides co-founder.
  :small_orange_diamond: @thegrugq - Security Researcher.
  :small_orange_diamond: @matthew_d_green - a cryptographer and professor at Johns Hopkins University.

##### :black_small_square: Best Commercial Twitter Accounts

  :small_orange_diamond: @haveibeenpwned - check if you have an account that has been compromised in a data breach.
  :small_orange_diamond: @bugcrowd - trusted by more of the Fortune 500 than any other crowdsourced security platform.
  :small_orange_diamond: @Malwarebytes - most trusted security company. Unmatched threat visibility.
  :small_orange_diamond: @sansforensics - the world's leading Digital Forensics and Incident Response provider.
  :small_orange_diamond: @attcyber - AT&T Cybersecurity’s Edge-to-Edge technologies provide threat intelligence, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: @TheManyHatsClub - an information security focused podcast and group of individuals from all walks of life.
  :small_orange_diamond: @hedgehogsec - Hedgehog Cyber. Gibraltar and Manchester's top boutique information security firm.
  :small_orange_diamond: @NCSC - the National Cyber Security Centre. Helping to make the UK the safest place to live and work online.
  :small_orange_diamond: @Synacktiv - IT security experts.

##### :black_small_square: A piece of history

  :small_orange_diamond: How to Do Things at ARL - how to configure modems, scan images, record CD-ROMs, and other.*

##### :black_small_square: Other

  :small_orange_diamond: Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (short version) - how Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange worked.

#### Hacking/Penetration Testing  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: Pentesters arsenal tools

  :small_orange_diamond: Sandcat Browser - a penetration-oriented browser with plenty of advanced functionality already built in.
  :small_orange_diamond: Metasploit - tool and framework for pentesting system, web and many more, contains a lot a ready to use exploit.
  :small_orange_diamond: Burp Suite - tool for testing web app security, intercepting proxy to replay, inject, scan and fuzz.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Zed Attack Proxy - intercepting proxy to replay, inject, scan and fuzz HTTP requests.
  :small_orange_diamond: w3af - is a Web Application Attack and Audit Framework.
  :small_orange_diamond: mitmproxy - an interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Nikto2 - web server scanner which performs comprehensive tests against web servers for multiple items.
  :small_orange_diamond: sqlmap - tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws.
  :small_orange_diamond: Recon-ng - is a full-featured Web Reconnaissance framework written in Python.
  :small_orange_diamond: AutoRecon - is a network reconnaissance tool which performs automated enumeration of services.
  :small_orange_diamond: Faraday - an Integrated Multiuser Pentest Environment.
  :small_orange_diamond: Photon - incredibly fast crawler designed for OSINT.
  :small_orange_diamond: XSStrike - most advanced XSS detection suite.
  :small_orange_diamond: Sn1per - automated pentest framework for offensive security experts.
  :small_orange_diamond: vuls - is an agent-less vulnerability scanner for Linux, FreeBSD, and other.
  :small_orange_diamond: tsunami - is a general purpose network security scanner with an extensible plugin system.
  :small_orange_diamond: aquatone - a tool for domain flyovers.
  :small_orange_diamond: BillCipher - information gathering tool for a website or IP address.
  :small_orange_diamond: WhatWaf - detect and bypass web application firewalls and protection systems.
  :small_orange_diamond: Corsy - CORS misconfiguration scanner.
  :small_orange_diamond: Raccoon - is a high performance offensive security tool for reconnaissance and vulnerability scanning.
  :small_orange_diamond: dirhunt - find web directories without bruteforce.
  :small_orange_diamond: John The Ripper - is a fast password cracker, currently available for many flavors of Unix, Windows, and other.
  :small_orange_diamond: hashcat - world's fastest and most advanced password recovery utility.
  :small_orange_diamond: p0f - is a tool to identify the players behind any incidental TCP/IP communications.
  :small_orange_diamond: ssh_scan - a prototype SSH configuration and policy scanner.
  :small_orange_diamond: LeakLooker - find open databases - powered by Binaryedge.io
  :small_orange_diamond: exploitdb - searchable archive from The Exploit Database.
  :small_orange_diamond: getsploit - is a command line utility for searching and downloading exploits.
  :small_orange_diamond: ctf-tools - some setup scripts for security research tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: pwntools - CTF framework and exploit development library.
  :small_orange_diamond: security-tools - collection of small security tools created mostly in Python. CTFs, pentests and so on.
  :small_orange_diamond: pentestpackage - is a package of Pentest scripts.
  :small_orange_diamond: python-pentest-tools - python tools for penetration testers.
  :small_orange_diamond: fuzzdb - dictionary of attack patterns and primitives for black-box application fault injection.
  :small_orange_diamond: AFL - is a free software fuzzer maintained by Google.
  :small_orange_diamond: AFL++ - is AFL with community patches.
  :small_orange_diamond: syzkaller - is an unsupervised, coverage-guided kernel fuzzer.
  :small_orange_diamond: pwndbg - exploit development and reverse engineering with GDB made easy.
  :small_orange_diamond: GDB PEDA - Python Exploit Development Assistance for GDB.
  :small_orange_diamond: IDA - multi-processor disassembler and debugger useful for reverse engineering malware.
  :small_orange_diamond: radare2 - framework for reverse-engineering and analyzing binaries.
  :small_orange_diamond: routersploit - exploitation framework for embedded devices.
  :small_orange_diamond: Ghidra - is a software reverse engineering (SRE) framework.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cutter - is an SRE platform integrating Ghidra's decompiler.
  :small_orange_diamond: Vulnreport - open-source pentesting management and automation platform by Salesforce Product Security.
  :small_orange_diamond: Mentalist - is a graphical tool for custom wordlist generation.
  :small_orange_diamond: archerysec - vulnerability assessment and management helps to perform scans and manage vulnerabilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: Osmedeus - fully automated offensive security tool for reconnaissance and vulnerability scanning.
  :small_orange_diamond: beef - the browser exploitation framework project.
  :small_orange_diamond: AutoSploit - automated mass exploiter.
  :small_orange_diamond: SUDO_KILLER - is a tool to identify and exploit sudo rules' misconfigurations and vulnerabilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: yara - the pattern matching swiss knife.
  :small_orange_diamond: mimikatz - a little tool to play with Windows security.
  :small_orange_diamond: sherlock - hunt down social media accounts by username across social networks.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Threat Dragon - is a tool used to create threat model diagrams and to record possible threats.
  :small_orange_diamond: ffuf - A tool for directory and virtual host discovery (without DNS records), GET and POST parameter fuzzing.
  :small_orange_diamond: Wireshark - is the world’s foremost and widely-used network protocol analyzer.

##### :black_small_square: Pentests bookmarks collection

  :small_orange_diamond: PTES - the penetration testing execution standard.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pentests MindMap - amazing mind map with vulnerable apps and systems.
  :small_orange_diamond: WebApps Security Tests MindMap - incredible mind map for WebApps security tests.
  :small_orange_diamond: Brute XSS - master the art of Cross Site Scripting.
  :small_orange_diamond: XSS cheat sheet - contains many vectors that can help you bypass WAFs and filters.
  :small_orange_diamond: Offensive Security Bookmarks - security bookmarks collection, all things that author need to pass OSCP.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Pentest Cheat Sheets - collection of the cheat sheets useful for pentesting.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Hacking by HackWithGithub - awesome lists for hackers, pentesters and security researchers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Hacking by carpedm20 - a curated list of awesome hacking tutorials, tools and resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Hacking Resources - collection of hacking/penetration testing resources to make you better.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Pentest - collection of awesome penetration testing resources, tools and other shiny things.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome-Hacking-Tools - is a curated list of awesome Hacking Tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hacking Cheat Sheet - author hacking and pentesting notes.
  :small_orange_diamond: blackhat-arsenal-tools - official Black Hat arsenal security tools repository.
  :small_orange_diamond: Penetration Testing and WebApp Cheat Sheets - the complete list of Infosec related cheat sheets.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cyber Security Resources - includes thousands of cybersecurity-related references and resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pentest Bookmarks - there are a LOT of pentesting blogs.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cheatsheet-God - Penetration Testing Reference Bank - OSCP/PTP & PTX Cheatsheet.
  :small_orange_diamond: ThreatHunter-Playbook - to aid the development of techniques and hypothesis for hunting campaigns.
  :small_orange_diamond: Beginner-Network-Pentesting - notes for beginner network pentesting course.
  :small_orange_diamond: OSCPRepo - is a list of resources that author have been gathering in preparation for the OSCP.
  :small_orange_diamond: PayloadsAllTheThings - a list of useful payloads and bypass for Web Application Security and Pentest/CTF.
  :small_orange_diamond: payloads - git all the Payloads! A collection of web attack payloads.
  :small_orange_diamond: command-injection-payload-list - command injection payload list.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Shodan Search Queries - great search queries to plug into Shodan.
  :small_orange_diamond: AwesomeXSS - is a collection of Awesome XSS resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: php-webshells - common php webshells.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pentesting Tools Cheat Sheet - a quick reference high level overview for typical penetration testing.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Cheat Sheet Series - is a collection of high value information on specific application security topics.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP dependency-check - is an open source solution the OWASP Top 10 2013 entry.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP ProActive Controls - OWASP Top 10 Proactive Controls 2018.
  :small_orange_diamond: PENTESTING-BIBLE - hacking & penetration testing & red team & cyber security resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: pentest-wiki - is a free online security knowledge library for pentesters/researchers.
  :small_orange_diamond: DEF CON Media Server - great stuff from DEFCON.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome Malware Analysis - a curated list of awesome malware analysis tools and resources.
  :small_orange_diamond: SQL Injection Cheat Sheet - detailed technical stuff about the many different variants of the SQL Injection.
  :small_orange_diamond: Entersoft Knowledge Base - great and detailed reference about vulnerabilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: HTML5 Security Cheatsheet - a collection of HTML5 related XSS attack vectors.
  :small_orange_diamond: XSS String Encoder - for generating XSS code to check your input validation filters against XSS.
  :small_orange_diamond: GTFOBins - list of Unix binaries that can be exploited by an attacker to bypass local security restrictions.
  :small_orange_diamond: Guifre Ruiz Notes - collection of security, system, network and pentest cheatsheets.
  :small_orange_diamond: SSRF Tips - a collection of SSRF Tips.
  :small_orange_diamond: shell-storm repo CTF - great archive of CTFs.
  :small_orange_diamond: ctf - CTF (Capture The Flag) writeups, code snippets, notes, scripts.
  :small_orange_diamond: My-CTF-Web-Challenges - collection of CTF Web challenges.
  :small_orange_diamond: MSTG - The Mobile Security Testing Guide (MSTG) is a comprehensive manual for mobile app security testing.
  :small_orange_diamond: Internal-Pentest-Playbook - notes on the most common things for an Internal Network Penetration Test.
  :small_orange_diamond: KeyHacks - shows quick ways in which API keys leaked by a bug bounty program can be checked.
  :small_orange_diamond: securitum/research - various Proof of Concepts of security research performed by Securitum.
  :small_orange_diamond: public-pentesting-reports - is a list of public pentest reports released by several consulting security groups.
  :small_orange_diamond: awesome-bug-bounty - is a comprehensive curated list of available Bug Bounty.
  :small_orange_diamond: bug-bounty-reference - is a list of bug bounty write-ups.
  :small_orange_diamond: Awesome-Bugbounty-Writeups - is a curated list of bugbounty writeups.
  :small_orange_diamond: Bug bounty writeups - list of bug bounty writeups (2012-2020).
  :small_orange_diamond: hackso.me - a great journey into security.

##### :black_small_square: Backdoors/exploits

  :small_orange_diamond: PHP-backdoors - a collection of PHP backdoors. For educational or testing purposes only.

##### :black_small_square: Wordlists and Weak passwords

  :small_orange_diamond: Weakpass - for any kind of bruteforce find wordlists or unleash the power of them all at once!
  :small_orange_diamond: Hashes.org - is a free online hash resolving service incorporating many unparalleled techniques.
  :small_orange_diamond: SecLists - collection of multiple types of lists used during security assessments, collected in one place.
  :small_orange_diamond: Probable-Wordlists - sorted by probability originally created for password generation and testing.
  :small_orange_diamond: skullsecurity passwords - password dictionaries and leaked passwords repository.
  :small_orange_diamond: Polish PREMIUM Dictionary - official dictionary created by the team on the forum bezpieka.org.* 1
  :small_orange_diamond:
statistically-likely-usernames - wordlists for creating statistically likely username lists.

##### :black_small_square: Bounty platforms

  :small_orange_diamond: YesWeHack - bug bounty platform with infosec jobs.
  :small_orange_diamond: Openbugbounty - allows any security researcher reporting a vulnerability on any website.
  :small_orange_diamond: hackerone - global hacker community to surface the most relevant security issues.
  :small_orange_diamond: bugcrowd - crowdsourced cybersecurity for the enterprise.
  :small_orange_diamond: Crowdshield - crowdsourced security & bug bounty management.
  :small_orange_diamond: Synack - crowdsourced security & bug bounty programs, crowd security intelligence platform, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hacktrophy - bug bounty platform.

##### :black_small_square: Web Training Apps (local installation)

  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP-VWAD - comprehensive and well maintained registry of all known vulnerable web applications.
  :small_orange_diamond: DVWA - PHP/MySQL web application that is damn vulnerable.
  :small_orange_diamond: metasploitable2 - vulnerable web application amongst security researchers.
  :small_orange_diamond: metasploitable3 - is a VM that is built from the ground up with a large amount of security vulnerabilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: DSVW - is a deliberately vulnerable web application written in under 100 lines of code.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Mutillidae II - free, open source, deliberately vulnerable web-application.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Juice Shop Project - the most bug-free vulnerable application in existence.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Node js Goat Project - OWASP Top 10 security risks apply to web apps developed using Node.js.
  :small_orange_diamond: juicy-ctf - run Capture the Flags and Security Trainings with OWASP Juice Shop.
  :small_orange_diamond: SecurityShepherd - web and mobile application security training platform.
  :small_orange_diamond: Security Ninjas - open source application security training program.
  :small_orange_diamond: hackazon - a modern vulnerable web app.
  :small_orange_diamond: dvna - damn vulnerable NodeJS application.
  :small_orange_diamond: django-DefectDojo - is an open-source application vulnerability correlation and security orchestration tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: Google Gruyere - web application exploits and defenses.
  :small_orange_diamond: Bodhi - is a playground focused on learning the exploitation of client-side web vulnerabilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: Websploit - single vm lab with the purpose of combining several vulnerable appliations in one environment.
  :small_orange_diamond: vulhub - pre-built Vulnerable Environments based on docker-compose.
  :small_orange_diamond: CloudGoat 2 - the new & improved "Vulnerable by Design" AWS deployment tool.
  :small_orange_diamond: secDevLabs - is a laboratory for learning secure web development in a practical manner.
  :small_orange_diamond: CORS-vulnerable-Lab - sample vulnerable code and its exploit code.
  :small_orange_diamond: RootTheBox - a Game of Hackers (CTF Scoreboard & Game Manager).
  :small_orange_diamond: KONTRA - application security training (OWASP Top Web & Api).

##### :black_small_square: Labs (ethical hacking platforms/trainings/CTFs)

  :small_orange_diamond: Offensive Security - true performance-based penetration testing training for over a decade.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hack The Box - online platform allowing you to test your penetration testing skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hacking-Lab - online ethical hacking, computer network and security challenge platform.
  :small_orange_diamond: pwnable.kr - non-commercial wargame site which provides various pwn challenges.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pwnable.tw - is a wargame site for hackers to test and expand their binary exploiting skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: picoCTF - is a free computer security game targeted at middle and high school students.
  :small_orange_diamond: CTFlearn - is an online platform built to help ethical hackers learn and practice their cybersecurity knowledge.
  :small_orange_diamond: ctftime - CTF archive and a place, where you can get some another CTF-related info.
  :small_orange_diamond: Silesia Security Lab - high quality security testing services.
  :small_orange_diamond: Practical Pentest Labs - pentest lab, take your Hacking skills to the next level.
  :small_orange_diamond: Root Me - the fast, easy, and affordable way to train your hacking skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: rozwal.to - a great platform to train your pentesting skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: TryHackMe - learning Cyber Security made easy.
  :small_orange_diamond: hackxor - is a realistic web application hacking game, designed to help players of all abilities develop their skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hack Yourself First - it's full of nasty app sec holes.
  :small_orange_diamond: OverTheWire - can help you to learn and practice security concepts in the form of fun-filled games.
  :small_orange_diamond: Wizard Labs - is an online Penetration Testing Lab.
  :small_orange_diamond: PentesterLab - provides vulnerable systems that can be used to test and understand vulnerabilities.
  :small_orange_diamond: RingZer0 - tons of challenges designed to test and improve your hacking skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: try2hack - several security-oriented challenges for your entertainment.
  :small_orange_diamond: Ubeeri - preconfigured lab environments.
  :small_orange_diamond: Pentestit - emulate IT infrastructures of real companies for legal pen testing and improving pentest skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: Microcorruption - reversal challenges done in the web interface.
  :small_orange_diamond: Crackmes - download crackmes to help improve your reverse engineering skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: DomGoat - DOM XSS security learning and practicing platform.
  :small_orange_diamond: Stereotyped Challenges - upgrade your web hacking techniques today!
  :small_orange_diamond: Vulnhub - allows anyone to gain practical 'hands-on' experience in digital security.
  :small_orange_diamond: W3Challs - is a penetration testing training platform, which offers various computer challenges.
  :small_orange_diamond: RingZer0 CTF - offers you tons of challenges designed to test and improve your hacking skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hack.me - a platform where you can build, host and share vulnerable web apps for educational purposes.
  :small_orange_diamond: HackThis! - discover how hacks, dumps and defacements are performed and secure your website.
  :small_orange_diamond: Enigma Group WebApp Training - these challenges cover the exploits listed in the OWASP Top 10 Project.
  :small_orange_diamond: Reverse Engineering Challenges - challenges, exercises, problems and tasks - by level, by type, and more.
  :small_orange_diamond: 0x00sec - the home of the Hacker - Malware, Reverse Engineering, and Computer Science.
  :small_orange_diamond: We Chall - there are exist a lots of different challenge types.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hacker Gateway - is the go-to place for hackers who want to test their skills.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hacker101 - is a free class for web security.
  :small_orange_diamond: contained.af - a stupid game for learning about containers, capabilities, and syscalls.
  :small_orange_diamond: flAWS challenge! - a series of levels you'll learn about common mistakes and gotchas when using AWS.
  :small_orange_diamond: CyberSec WTF - provides web hacking challenges derived from bounty write-ups.
  :small_orange_diamond: CTF Challenge - CTF Web App challenges.
  :small_orange_diamond: gCTF - most of the challenges used in the Google CTF 2017.
  :small_orange_diamond: Hack This Site - is a free, safe and legal training ground for hackers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Attack & Defense - is a browser-based cloud labs.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cryptohack - a fun platform for learning modern cryptography.
  :small_orange_diamond: Cryptopals - the cryptopals crypto challenges.

##### :black_small_square: CTF platforms

  :small_orange_diamond: fbctf - platform to host Capture the Flag competitions.
  :small_orange_diamond: ctfscoreboard - scoreboard for Capture The Flag competitions.

##### :black_small_square: Other resources

  :small_orange_diamond: Bugcrowd University - open source education content for the researcher community.
  :small_orange_diamond: OSCPRepo - a list of resources and scripts that I have been gathering in preparation for the OSCP.
  :small_orange_diamond: OWASP Top 10: Real-World Examples - test your web apps with real-world examples (two-part series).
  :small_orange_diamond: phrack.org - an awesome collection of articles from several respected hackers and other thinkers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Practical-Ethical-Hacking-Resources - compilation of resources from TCM's Udemy Course.

#### Your daily knowledge and news  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### :black_small_square: RSS Readers

  :small_orange_diamond: Feedly - organize, read and share what matters to you.
  :small_orange_diamond: Inoreader - similar to feedly with a support for filtering what you fetch from rss.

##### :black_small_square: IRC Channels

  :small_orange_diamond: #hackerspaces - hackerspace IRC channels.

##### :black_small_square: Security

  :small_orange_diamond: The Hacker News - leading news source dedicated to promoting awareness for security experts and hackers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Latest Hacking News - provides the latest hacking news, exploits and vulnerabilities for ethical hackers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Security Newsletter - security news as a weekly digest (email notifications).
  :small_orange_diamond: Google Online Security Blog - the latest news and insights from Google on security and safety on the Internet.
  :small_orange_diamond: Qualys Blog - expert network security guidance and news.
  :small_orange_diamond: DARKReading - connecting the Information Security Community.
  :small_orange_diamond: Darknet - latest hacking tools, hacker news, cybersecurity best practices, ethical hacking & pen-testing.
  :small_orange_diamond: publiclyDisclosed - public disclosure watcher who keeps you up to date about the recently disclosed bugs.
  :small_orange_diamond: Reddit - Hacking - a subreddit dedicated to hacking and hackers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Packet Storm - information security services, news, files, tools, exploits, advisories and whitepapers.
  :small_orange_diamond: Sekurak - about security, penetration tests, vulnerabilities and many others (PL/EN).
  :small_orange_diamond: nf.sec - basic aspects and mechanisms of Linux operating system security (PL).

##### :black_small_square: Other/All-in-one

  :small_orange_diamond: Changelog - is a community of hackers; news & podcasts for developers and hackers.

#### Other Cheat Sheets  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ###### Build your own DNS Servers

  :small_orange_diamond: Unbound DNS Tutorial - a validating, recursive, and caching DNS server.
  :small_orange_diamond: Knot Resolver on Fedora - how to get faster and more secure DNS resolution with Knot Resolver on Fedora.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNS-over-HTTPS - tutorial to setup your own DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) server.
  :small_orange_diamond: dns-over-https - a cartoon intro to DNS over HTTPS.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNS-over-TLS - following to your DoH server, setup your DNS-over-TLS (DoT) server.
  :small_orange_diamond: DNS Servers - how (and why) i run my own DNS Servers.

###### Build your own Certificate Authority

  :small_orange_diamond: OpenSSL Certificate Authority - build your own certificate authority (CA) using the OpenSSL tools.
  :small_orange_diamond: step-ca Certificate Authority - build your own certificate authority (CA) using open source step-ca.

###### Build your own System/Virtual Machine

  :small_orange_diamond: os-tutorial - how to create an OS from scratch.
  :small_orange_diamond: Write your Own Virtual Machine - how to write your own virtual machine (VM).
  :small_orange_diamond: x86 Bare Metal Examples - dozens of minimal operating systems to learn x86 system programming.
  :small_orange_diamond: simple-computer - the scott CPU from "But How Do It Know?" by J. Clark Scott.
  :small_orange_diamond: littleosbook - the little book about OS development.

###### DNS Servers list (privacy) | IP | URL | | :--- | :--- | | **`84.200.69.80`** | [dns.watch](https://dns.watch/) | | **`94.247.43.254`** | [opennic.org](https://www.opennic.org/) | | **`64.6.64.6`** | [verisign.com](https://www.verisign.com/en_US/security-services/public-dns/index.xhtml) | | **`89.233.43.71`** | [censurfridns.dk](https://blog.uncensoreddns.org/) | | **`1.1.1.1`** | [cloudflare.com](https://1.1.1.1/) | | **`94.130.110.185`** | [dnsprivacy.at](https://dnsprivacy.at/) | ###### TOP Browser extensions | Extension name | Description | | :--- | :--- | | **`IPvFoo`** | Display the server IP address and HTTPS information across all page elements. | | **`FoxyProxy`** | Simplifies configuring browsers to access proxy-servers. | | **`HTTPS Everywhere`** | Automatically use HTTPS security on many sites. | | **`uMatrix`** | Point & click to forbid/allow any class of requests made by your browser. | | **`uBlock Origin`** | An efficient blocker: easy on memory and CPU footprint. | | **`Session Buddy`** | Manage browser tabs and bookmarks with ease. | | **`SuperSorter`** | Sort bookmarks recursively, delete duplicates, merge folders, and more. | | **`Clear Cache`** | Clear your cache and browsing data. | | **`d3coder`** | Encoding/Decoding plugin for various types of encoding. | | **`Web Developer`** | Adds a toolbar button with various web developer tools. | | **`ThreatPinch Lookup`** | Add threat intelligence hover tool tips. | ###### TOP Burp extensions | Extension name | Description | | :--- | :--- | | **`Active Scan++`** | Extends Burp's active and passive scanning capabilities. | | **`Autorize`** | Automatically detects authorization enforcement. | | **`AuthMatrix`** | A simple matrix grid to define the desired levels of access privilege. | | **`Logger++`** | Logs requests and responses for all Burp tools in a sortable table. | | **`Bypass WAF`** | Adds headers useful for bypassing some WAF devices. | | **`JSON Beautifier`** | Beautifies JSON content in the HTTP message viewer. | | **`JSON Web Tokens`** | Enables Burp to decode and manipulate JSON web tokens. | | **`CSP Auditor`** | Displays CSP headers for responses, and passively reports CSP weaknesses. | | **`CSP-Bypass`** | Passively scans for CSP headers that contain known bypasses. | | **`Hackvertor`** | Converts data using a tag-based configuration to apply various encoding. | | **`HTML5 Auditor`** | Scans for usage of risky HTML5 features. | | **`Software Vulnerability Scanner`** | Vulnerability scanner based on vulners.com audit API. | | **`Turbo Intruder`** | Is a powerful bruteforcing tool. | | **`Upload Scanner`** | Upload a number of different file types, laced with different forms of payload. | ###### Hack Mozilla Firefox address bar In Firefox's address bar, you can limit results by typing special characters before or after your term: - `^` - for matches in your browsing history - `*` - for matches in your bookmarks. - `%` - for matches in your currently open tabs. - `#` - for matches in page titles. - `@` - for matches in web addresses. ###### Chrome hidden commands - `chrome://chrome-urls` - list of all commands - `chrome://flags` - enable experiments and development features - `chrome://interstitials` - errors and warnings - `chrome://net-internals` - network internals (events, dns, cache) - `chrome://network-errors` - network errors - `chrome://net-export` - start logging future network activity to a file - `chrome://safe-browsing` - safe browsing options - `chrome://user-actions` - record all user actions - `chrome://restart` - restart chrome - `chrome://dino` - ERR_INTERNET_DISCONNECTED... - `cache:` - view the cached version of the web page ###### Bypass WAFs by Shortening IP Address (by [0xInfection](https://twitter.com/0xInfection)) IP addresses can be shortened by dropping the zeroes: ``` http://1.0.0.1 → http://1.1 http://127.0.0.1 → http://127.1 http://192.168.0.1 → http://192.168.1 http://0xC0A80001 or http://3232235521 → 192.168.0.1 http://192.168.257 → 192.168.1.1 http://192.168.516 → 192.168.2.4 ``` > This bypasses WAF filters for SSRF, open-redirect, etc where any IP as input gets blacklisted. For more information please see [How to Obscure Any URL](http://www.pc-help.org/obscure.htm) and [Magic IP Address Shortcuts](https://stuff-things.net/2014/09/25/magic-ip-address-shortcuts/). ###### Hashing, encryption and encoding (by [Michal Špaček](https://twitter.com/spazef0rze)) _Hashing_ plaintext :arrow_right: hash
hash :no_entry: plaintext _Symmetric encryption_ plaintext :arrow_right: :key: :arrow_right: ciphertext
plaintext :arrow_left: :key: :arrow_left: ciphertext
(:key: shared key) _Asymmetric encryption_ plaintext :arrow_right: :key: :arrow_right: ciphertext
plaintext :arrow_left: :part_alternation_mark: :arrow_left: ciphertext
(:key: public key, :part_alternation_mark: private key)
_Encoding_ text :arrow_right: encoded
text :arrow_left: encoded #### Shell One-liners  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### Table of Contents * [terminal](#tool-terminal) * [busybox](#tool-busybox) * [mount](#tool-mount) * [fuser](#tool-fuser) * [lsof](#tool-lsof) * [ps](#tool-ps) * [top](#tool-top) * [vmstat](#tool-vmstat) * [iostat](#tool-iostat) * [strace](#tool-strace) * [kill](#tool-kill) * [find](#tool-find) * [diff](#tool-diff) * [vimdiff](#tool-vimdiff) * [tail](#tool-tail) * [cpulimit](#tool-cpulimit) * [pwdx](#tool-pwdx) * [tr](#tool-tr) * [chmod](#tool-chmod) * [who](#tool-who) * [last](#tool-last) * [screen](#tool-screen) * [script](#tool-script) * [du](#tool-du) * [inotifywait](#tool-inotifywait) * [openssl](#tool-openssl) * [secure-delete](#tool-secure-delete) * [dd](#tool-dd) * [gpg](#tool-gpg) * [system-other](#tool-system-other) * [curl](#tool-curl) * [httpie](#tool-httpie) * [ssh](#tool-ssh) * [linux-dev](#tool-linux-dev) * [tcpdump](#tool-tcpdump) * [tcpick](#tool-tcpick) * [ngrep](#tool-ngrep) * [hping3](#tool-hping3) * [nmap](#tool-nmap) * [netcat](#tool-netcat) * [socat](#tool-socat) * [p0f](#tool-p0f) * [gnutls-cli](#tool-gnutls-cli) * [netstat](#tool-netstat) * [rsync](#tool-rsync) * [host](#tool-host) * [dig](#tool-dig) * [certbot](#tool-certbot) * [network-other](#tool-network-other) * [git](#tool-git) * [awk](#tool-awk) * [sed](#tool-sed) * [grep](#tool-grep) * [perl](#tool-perl) ##### Tool: [terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_console) ###### Reload shell without exit ```bash exec $SHELL -l ``` ###### Close shell keeping all subprocess running ```bash disown -a && exit ``` ###### Exit without saving shell history ```bash kill -9 $$ unset HISTFILE && exit ``` ###### Perform a branching conditional ```bash true && echo success false || echo failed ``` ###### Pipe stdout and stderr to separate commands ```bash some_command > >(/bin/cmd_for_stdout) 2> >(/bin/cmd_for_stderr) ``` ###### Redirect stdout and stderr each to separate files and print both to the screen ```bash (some_command 2>&1 1>&3 | tee errorlog ) 3>&1 1>&2 | tee stdoutlog ``` ###### List of commands you use most often ```bash history | \ awk '{CMD[$2]++;count++;}END { for (a in CMD)print CMD[a] " " CMD[a]/count*100 "% " a;}' | \ grep -v "./" | \ column -c3 -s " " -t | \ sort -nr | nl | head -n 20 ``` ###### Sterilize bash history ```bash function sterile() { history | awk '$2 != "history" { $1=""; print $0 }' | egrep -vi "\ curl\b+.*(-E|--cert)\b+.*\b*|\ curl\b+.*--pass\b+.*\b*|\ curl\b+.*(-U|--proxy-user).*:.*\b*|\ curl\b+.*(-u|--user).*:.*\b* .*(-H|--header).*(token|auth.*)\b+.*|\ wget\b+.*--.*password\b+.*\b*|\ http.?://.+:.+@.*\ " > $HOME/histbuff; history -r $HOME/histbuff; } export PROMPT_COMMAND="sterile" ``` > Look also: [A naive utility to censor credentials in command history](https://github.com/lbonanomi/go/blob/master/revisionist.go). ###### Quickly backup a file ```bash cp filename{,.orig} ``` ###### Empty a file (truncate to 0 size) ```bash >filename ``` ###### Delete all files in a folder that don't match a certain file extension ```bash rm !(*.foo|*.bar|*.baz) ``` ###### Pass multi-line string to a file ```bash # cat >filename ... - overwrite the file # cat >>filename ... - append to a file cat > filename << __EOF__ data data data __EOF__ ``` ###### Edit a file on a remote host using vim ```bash vim scp://user@host//etc/fstab ``` ###### Create a directory and change into it at the same time ```bash mkd() { mkdir -p "$@" && cd "$@"; } ``` ###### Convert uppercase files to lowercase files ```bash rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' * ``` ###### Print a row of characters across the terminal ```bash printf "%`tput cols`s" | tr ' ' '#' ``` ###### Show shell history without line numbers ```bash history | cut -c 8- fc -l -n 1 | sed 's/^\s*//' ``` ###### Run command(s) after exit session ```bash cat > /etc/profile << __EOF__ _after_logout() { username=$(whoami) for _pid in $(ps afx | grep sshd | grep "$username" | awk '{print $1}') ; do kill -9 $_pid done } trap _after_logout EXIT __EOF__ ``` ###### Generate a sequence of numbers ```bash for ((i=1; i<=10; i+=2)) ; do echo $i ; done # alternative: seq 1 2 10 for ((i=5; i<=10; ++i)) ; do printf '%02d\n' $i ; done # alternative: seq -w 5 10 for i in {1..10} ; do echo $i ; done ``` ###### Simple Bash filewatching ```bash unset MAIL; export MAILCHECK=1; export MAILPATH='$FILE_TO_WATCH?$MESSAGE' ``` --- ##### Tool: [busybox](https://www.busybox.net/) ###### Static HTTP web server ```bash busybox httpd -p $PORT -h $HOME [-c httpd.conf] ``` ___ ##### Tool: [mount](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_(Unix)) ###### Mount a temporary ram partition ```bash mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt -o size=64M ``` * `-t` - filesystem type * `-o` - mount options ###### Remount a filesystem as read/write ```bash mount -o remount,rw / ``` ___ ##### Tool: [fuser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuser_(Unix)) ###### Show which processes use the files/directories ```bash fuser /var/log/daemon.log fuser -v /home/supervisor ``` ###### Kills a process that is locking a file ```bash fuser -ki filename ``` * `-i` - interactive option ###### Kills a process that is locking a file with specific signal ```bash fuser -k -HUP filename ``` * `--list-signals` - list available signal names ###### Show what PID is listening on specific port ```bash fuser -v 53/udp ``` ###### Show all processes using the named filesystems or block device ```bash fuser -mv /var/www ``` ___ ##### Tool: [lsof](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lsof) ###### Show process that use internet connection at the moment ```bash lsof -P -i -n ``` ###### Show process that use specific port number ```bash lsof -i tcp:443 ``` ###### Lists all listening ports together with the PID of the associated process ```bash lsof -Pan -i tcp -i udp ``` ###### List all open ports and their owning executables ```bash lsof -i -P | grep -i "listen" ``` ###### Show all open ports ```bash lsof -Pnl -i ``` ###### Show open ports (LISTEN) ```bash lsof -Pni4 | grep LISTEN | column -t ``` ###### List all files opened by a particular command ```bash lsof -c "process" ``` ###### View user activity per directory ```bash lsof -u username -a +D /etc ``` ###### Show 10 largest open files ```bash lsof / | \ awk '{ if($7 > 1048576) print $7/1048576 "MB" " " $9 " " $1 }' | \ sort -n -u | tail | column -t ``` ###### Show current working directory of a process ```bash lsof -p | grep cwd ``` ___ ##### Tool: [ps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ps_(Unix)) ###### Show a 4-way scrollable process tree with full details ```bash ps awwfux | less -S ``` ###### Processes per user counter ```bash ps hax -o user | sort | uniq -c | sort -r ``` ###### Show all processes by name with main header ```bash ps -lfC nginx ``` ___ ##### Tool: [find](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find_(Unix)) ###### Find files that have been modified on your system in the past 60 minutes ```bash find / -mmin 60 -type f ``` ###### Find all files larger than 20M ```bash find / -type f -size +20M ``` ###### Find duplicate files (based on MD5 hash) ```bash find -type f -exec md5sum '{}' ';' | sort | uniq --all-repeated=separate -w 33 ``` ###### Change permission only for files ```bash cd /var/www/site && find . -type f -exec chmod 766 {} \; cd /var/www/site && find . -type f -exec chmod 664 {} + ``` ###### Change permission only for directories ```bash cd /var/www/site && find . -type d -exec chmod g+x {} \; cd /var/www/site && find . -type d -exec chmod g+rwx {} + ``` ###### Find files and directories for specific user/group ```bash # User: find . -user -print find /etc -type f -user -name "*.conf" # Group: find /opt -group find /etc -type f -group -iname "*.conf" ``` ###### Find files and directories for all without specific user/group ```bash # User: find . \! -user -print # Group: find . \! -group ``` ###### Looking for files/directories that only have certain permission ```bash # User find . -user -perm -u+rw # -rw-r--r-- find /home -user $(whoami) -perm 777 # -rwxrwxrwx # Group: find /home -type d -group -perm 755 # -rwxr-xr-x ``` ###### Delete older files than 60 days ```bash find . -type f -mtime +60 -delete ``` ###### Recursively remove all empty sub-directories from a directory ```bash find . -depth -type d -empty -exec rmdir {} \; ``` ###### How to find all hard links to a file ```bash find -xdev -samefile filename ``` ###### Recursively find the latest modified files ```bash find . -type f -exec stat --format '%Y :%y %n' "{}" \; | sort -nr | cut -d: -f2- | head ``` ###### Recursively find/replace of a string with sed ```bash find . -not -path '*/\.git*' -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' ``` ###### Recursively find/replace of a string in directories and file names ```bash find . -depth -name '*test*' -execdir bash -c 'mv -v "$1" "${1//foo/bar}"' _ {} \; ``` ###### Recursively find suid executables ```bash find / \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -type f -exec ls -la {} \; ``` ___ ##### Tool: [top](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_(software)) ###### Use top to monitor only all processes with the specific string ```bash top -p $(pgrep -d , ) ``` * `` - process containing string (eg. nginx, worker) ___ ##### Tool: [vmstat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmstat) ###### Show current system utilization (fields in kilobytes) ```bash vmstat 2 20 -t -w ``` * `2` - number of times with a defined time interval (delay) * `20` - each execution of the command (count) * `-t` - show timestamp * `-w` - wide output * `-S M` - output of the fields in megabytes instead of kilobytes ###### Show current system utilization will get refreshed every 5 seconds ```bash vmstat 5 -w ``` ###### Display report a summary of disk operations ```bash vmstat -D ``` ###### Display report of event counters and memory stats ```bash vmstat -s ``` ###### Display report about kernel objects stored in slab layer cache ```bash vmstat -m ``` ##### Tool: [iostat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iostat) ###### Show information about the CPU usage, and I/O statistics about all the partitions ```bash iostat 2 10 -t -m ``` * `2` - number of times with a defined time interval (delay) * `10` - each execution of the command (count) * `-t` - show timestamp * `-m` - fields in megabytes (`-k` - in kilobytes, default) ###### Show information only about the CPU utilization ```bash iostat 2 10 -t -m -c ``` ###### Show information only about the disk utilization ```bash iostat 2 10 -t -m -d ``` ###### Show information only about the LVM utilization ```bash iostat -N ``` ___ ##### Tool: [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) ###### Track with child processes ```bash # 1) strace -f -p $(pidof glusterfsd) # 2) strace -f $(pidof php-fpm | sed 's/\([0-9]*\)/\-p \1/g') ``` ###### Track process with 30 seconds limit ```bash timeout 30 strace $(< /var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid) ``` ###### Track processes and redirect output to a file ```bash ps auxw | grep '[a]pache' | awk '{print " -p " $2}' | \ xargs strace -o /tmp/strace-apache-proc.out ``` ###### Track with print time spent in each syscall and limit length of print strings ```bash ps auxw | grep '[i]init_policy' | awk '{print " -p " $2}' | \ xargs strace -f -e trace=network -T -s 10000 ``` ###### Track the open request of a network port ```bash strace -f -e trace=bind nc -l 80 ``` ###### Track the open request of a network port (show TCP/UDP) ```bash strace -f -e trace=network nc -lu 80 ``` ___ ##### Tool: [kill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_(command)) ###### Kill a process running on port ```bash kill -9 $(lsof -i : | awk '{l=$2} END {print l}') ``` ___ ##### Tool: [diff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diff) ###### Compare two directory trees ```bash diff <(cd directory1 && find | sort) <(cd directory2 && find | sort) ``` ###### Compare output of two commands ```bash diff <(cat /etc/passwd) <(cut -f2 /etc/passwd) ``` ___ ##### Tool: [vimdiff](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/diff.html) ###### Highlight the exact differences, based on characters and words ```bash vimdiff file1 file2 ``` ###### Compare two JSON files ```bash vimdiff <(jq -S . A.json) <(jq -S . B.json) ``` ###### Compare Hex dump ```bash d(){ vimdiff <(f $1) <(f $2);};f(){ hexdump -C $1 | cut -d' ' -f3- | tr -s ' ';}; d ~/bin1 ~/bin2 ``` ###### diffchar Save [diffchar](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vim-scripts/diffchar.vim/master/plugin/diffchar.vim) @ `~/.vim/plugins` Click `F7` to switch between diff modes Usefull `vimdiff` commands: * `qa` to exit all windows * `:vertical resize 70` to resize window * set window width `Ctrl+W [N columns]+(Shift+)<\>` ___ ##### Tool: [tail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_(Unix)) ###### Annotate tail -f with timestamps ```bash tail -f file | while read ; do echo "$(date +%T.%N) $REPLY" ; done ``` ###### Analyse an Apache access log for the most common IP addresses ```bash tail -10000 access_log | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n | tail ``` ###### Analyse web server log and show only 5xx http codes ```bash tail -n 100 -f /path/to/logfile | grep "HTTP/[1-2].[0-1]\" [5]" ``` ___ ##### Tool: [tar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_(computing)) ###### System backup with exclude specific directories ```bash cd / tar -czvpf /mnt/system$(date +%d%m%Y%s).tgz --directory=/ \ --exclude=proc/* --exclude=sys/* --exclude=dev/* --exclude=mnt/* . ``` ###### System backup with exclude specific directories (pigz) ```bash cd / tar cvpf /backup/snapshot-$(date +%d%m%Y%s).tgz --directory=/ \ --exclude=proc/* --exclude=sys/* --exclude=dev/* \ --exclude=mnt/* --exclude=tmp/* --use-compress-program=pigz . ``` ___ ##### Tool: [dump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dump_(program)) ###### System backup to file ```bash dump -y -u -f /backup/system$(date +%d%m%Y%s).lzo / ``` ###### Restore system from lzo file ```bash cd / restore -rf /backup/system$(date +%d%m%Y%s).lzo ``` ___ ##### Tool: [cpulimit](http://cpulimit.sourceforge.net/) ###### Limit the cpu usage of a process ```bash cpulimit -p pid -l 50 ``` ___ ##### Tool: [pwdx](https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-pwdx-command-examples-usage-syntax/) ###### Show current working directory of a process ```bash pwdx ``` ___ ##### Tool: [taskset](https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/taskset-cpu-affinity-command/) ###### Start a command on only one CPU core ```bash taskset -c 0 ``` ___ ##### Tool: [tr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr_(Unix)) ###### Show directories in the PATH, one per line ```bash tr : '\n' <<<$PATH ``` ___ ##### Tool: [chmod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chmod) ###### Remove executable bit from all files in the current directory ```bash chmod -R -x+X * ``` ###### Restore permission for /bin/chmod ```bash # 1: cp /bin/ls chmod.01 cp /bin/chmod chmod.01 ./chmod.01 700 file # 2: /bin/busybox chmod 0700 /bin/chmod # 3: setfacl --set u::rwx,g::---,o::--- /bin/chmod ``` ___ ##### Tool: [who](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_(Unix)) ###### Find last reboot time ```bash who -b ``` ###### Detect a user sudo-su'd into the current shell ```bash [[ $(who -m | awk '{ print $1 }') == $(whoami) ]] || echo "You are su-ed to $(whoami)" ``` ___ ##### Tool: [last](https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-last-command/) ###### Was the last reboot a panic? ```bash (last -x -f $(ls -1t /var/log/wtmp* | head -2 | tail -1); last -x -f /var/log/wtmp) | \ grep -A1 reboot | head -2 | grep -q shutdown && echo "Expected reboot" || echo "Panic reboot" ``` ___ ##### Tool: [screen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Screen) ###### Start screen in detached mode ```bash screen -d -m ``` ###### Attach to an existing screen session ```bash screen -r -d ``` ___ ##### Tool: [script](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Script_(Unix)) ###### Record and replay terminal session ```bash ### Record session # 1) script -t 2>~/session.time -a ~/session.log # 2) script --timing=session.time session.log ### Replay session scriptreplay --timing=session.time session.log ``` ___ ##### Tool: [du](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Screen) ###### Show 20 biggest directories with 'K M G' ```bash du | \ sort -r -n | \ awk '{split("K M G",v); s=1; while($1>1024){$1/=1024; s++} print int($1)" "v[s]"\t"$2}' | \ head -n 20 ``` ___ ##### Tool: [inotifywait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Screen) ###### Init tool everytime a file in a directory is modified ```bash while true ; do inotifywait -r -e MODIFY dir/ && ls dir/ ; done; ``` ___ ##### Tool: [openssl](https://www.openssl.org/) ###### Testing connection to the remote host ```bash echo | openssl s_client -connect google.com:443 -showcerts ``` ###### Testing connection to the remote host (debug mode) ```bash echo | openssl s_client -connect google.com:443 -showcerts -tlsextdebug -status ``` ###### Testing connection to the remote host (with SNI support) ```bash echo | openssl s_client -showcerts -servername google.com -connect google.com:443 ``` ###### Testing connection to the remote host with specific ssl version ```bash openssl s_client -tls1_2 -connect google.com:443 ``` ###### Testing connection to the remote host with specific ssl cipher ```bash openssl s_client -cipher 'AES128-SHA' -connect google.com:443 ``` ###### Verify 0-RTT ```bash _host="example.com" cat > req.in << __EOF__ HEAD / HTTP/1.1 Host: $_host Connection: close __EOF__ openssl s_client -connect ${_host}:443 -tls1_3 -sess_out session.pem -ign_eof < req.in openssl s_client -connect ${_host}:443 -tls1_3 -sess_in session.pem -early_data req.in ``` ###### Generate private key without passphrase ```bash # _len: 2048, 4096 ( _fd="private.key" ; _len="2048" ; \ openssl genrsa -out ${_fd} ${_len} ) ``` ###### Generate private key with passphrase ```bash # _ciph: aes128, aes256 # _len: 2048, 4096 ( _ciph="aes128" ; _fd="private.key" ; _len="2048" ; \ openssl genrsa -${_ciph} -out ${_fd} ${_len} ) ``` ###### Remove passphrase from private key ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_unp="private_unp.key" ; \ openssl rsa -in ${_fd} -out ${_fd_unp} ) ``` ###### Encrypt existing private key with a passphrase ```bash # _ciph: aes128, aes256 ( _ciph="aes128" ; _fd="private.key" ; _fd_pass="private_pass.key" ; \ openssl rsa -${_ciph} -in ${_fd} -out ${_fd_pass} ``` ###### Check private key ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; \ openssl rsa -check -in ${_fd} ) ``` ###### Get public key from private key ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_pub="public.key" ; \ openssl rsa -pubout -in ${_fd} -out ${_fd_pub} ) ``` ###### Generate private key and CSR ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; _len="2048" ; \ openssl req -out ${_fd_csr} -new -newkey rsa:${_len} -nodes -keyout ${_fd} ) ``` ###### Generate CSR ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; \ openssl req -out ${_fd_csr} -new -key ${_fd} ) ``` ###### Generate CSR (metadata from existing certificate) > Where `private.key` is the existing private key. As you can see you do not generate this CSR from your certificate (public key). Also you do not generate the "same" CSR, just a new one to request a new certificate. ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; _fd_crt="cert.crt" ; \ openssl x509 -x509toreq -in ${_fd_crt} -out ${_fd_csr} -signkey ${_fd} ) ``` ###### Generate CSR with -config param ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; \ openssl req -new -sha256 -key ${_fd} -out ${_fd_csr} \ -config <( cat << __EOF__ [req] default_bits = 2048 default_md = sha256 prompt = no distinguished_name = dn req_extensions = req_ext [ dn ] C = "" ST = "" L = "" O = "" OU = "
" CN = "" [ req_ext ] subjectAltName = @alt_names [ alt_names ] DNS.1 = DNS.2 = DNS.3 = __EOF__ )) ``` Other values in `[ dn ]`: ``` countryName = "DE" # C= stateOrProvinceName = "Hessen" # ST= localityName = "Keller" # L= postalCode = "424242" # L/postalcode= postalAddress = "Keller" # L/postaladdress= streetAddress = "Crater 1621" # L/street= organizationName = "apfelboymschule" # O= organizationalUnitName = "IT Department" # OU= commonName = "example.com" # CN= emailAddress = "webmaster@example.com" # CN/emailAddress= ``` Example of `oids` (you'll probably also have to make OpenSSL know about the new fields required for EV by adding the following under `[new_oids]`): ``` [req] ... oid_section = new_oids [ new_oids ] postalCode = 2.5.4.17 streetAddress = 2.5.4.9 ``` Full example: ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_csr="request.csr" ; \ openssl req -new -sha256 -key ${_fd} -out ${_fd_csr} \ -config <( cat << __EOF__ [req] default_bits = 2048 default_md = sha256 prompt = no distinguished_name = dn req_extensions = req_ext oid_section = new_oids [ new_oids ] serialNumber = 2.5.4.5 streetAddress = 2.5.4.9 postalCode = 2.5.4.17 businessCategory = 2.5.4.15 [ dn ] serialNumber=00001111 businessCategory=Private Organization jurisdictionC=DE C=DE ST=Hessen L=Keller postalCode=424242 streetAddress=Crater 1621 O=AV Company OU=IT CN=example.com [ req_ext ] subjectAltName = @alt_names [ alt_names ] DNS.1 = example.com __EOF__ )) ``` For more information please look at these great explanations: - [RFC 5280](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280) - [How to create multidomain certificates using config files](https://apfelboymchen.net/gnu/notes/openssl%20multidomain%20with%20config%20files.html) - [Generate a multi domains certificate using config files](https://gist.github.com/romainnorberg/464758a6620228b977212a3cf20c3e08) - [Your OpenSSL CSR command is out of date](https://expeditedsecurity.com/blog/openssl-csr-command/) - [OpenSSL example configuration file](https://www.tbs-certificats.com/openssl-dem-server-cert.cnf) - [Object Identifiers (OIDs)](https://www.alvestrand.no/objectid/) - [openssl objects.txt](https://github.com/openssl/openssl/blob/master/crypto/objects/objects.txt) ###### List available EC curves ```bash openssl ecparam -list_curves ``` ###### Print ECDSA private and public keys ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; \ openssl ec -in ${_fd} -noout -text ) # For x25519 only extracting public key ( _fd="private.key" ; _fd_pub="public.key" ; \ openssl pkey -in ${_fd} -pubout -out ${_fd_pub} ) ``` ###### Generate ECDSA private key ```bash # _curve: prime256v1, secp521r1, secp384r1 ( _fd="private.key" ; _curve="prime256v1" ; \ openssl ecparam -out ${_fd} -name ${_curve} -genkey ) # _curve: X25519 ( _fd="private.key" ; _curve="x25519" ; \ openssl genpkey -algorithm ${_curve} -out ${_fd} ) ``` ###### Generate private key and CSR (ECC) ```bash # _curve: prime256v1, secp521r1, secp384r1 ( _fd="domain.com.key" ; _fd_csr="domain.com.csr" ; _curve="prime256v1" ; \ openssl ecparam -out ${_fd} -name ${_curve} -genkey ; \ openssl req -new -key ${_fd} -out ${_fd_csr} -sha256 ) ``` ###### Generate self-signed certificate ```bash # _len: 2048, 4096 ( _fd="domain.key" ; _fd_out="domain.crt" ; _len="2048" ; _days="365" ; \ openssl req -newkey rsa:${_len} -nodes \ -keyout ${_fd} -x509 -days ${_days} -out ${_fd_out} ) ``` ###### Generate self-signed certificate from existing private key ```bash # _len: 2048, 4096 ( _fd="domain.key" ; _fd_out="domain.crt" ; _days="365" ; \ openssl req -key ${_fd} -nodes \ -x509 -days ${_days} -out ${_fd_out} ) ``` ###### Generate self-signed certificate from existing private key and csr ```bash # _len: 2048, 4096 ( _fd="domain.key" ; _fd_csr="domain.csr" ; _fd_out="domain.crt" ; _days="365" ; \ openssl x509 -signkey ${_fd} -nodes \ -in ${_fd_csr} -req -days ${_days} -out ${_fd_out} ) ``` ###### Generate DH public parameters ```bash ( _dh_size="2048" ; \ openssl dhparam -out /etc/nginx/ssl/dhparam_${_dh_size}.pem "$_dh_size" ) ``` ###### Display DH public parameters ```bash openssl pkeyparam -in dhparam.pem -text ``` ###### Extract private key from pfx ```bash ( _fd_pfx="cert.pfx" ; _fd_key="key.pem" ; \ openssl pkcs12 -in ${_fd_pfx} -nocerts -nodes -out ${_fd_key} ) ``` ###### Extract private key and certs from pfx ```bash ( _fd_pfx="cert.pfx" ; _fd_pem="key_certs.pem" ; \ openssl pkcs12 -in ${_fd_pfx} -nodes -out ${_fd_pem} ) ``` ###### Extract certs from p7b ```bash # PKCS#7 file doesn't include private keys. ( _fd_p7b="cert.p7b" ; _fd_pem="cert.pem" ; \ openssl pkcs7 -inform DER -outform PEM -in ${_fd_p7b} -print_certs > ${_fd_pem}) # or: openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -in -in ${_fd_p7b} -out ${_fd_pem}) ``` ###### Convert DER to PEM ```bash ( _fd_der="cert.crt" ; _fd_pem="cert.pem" ; \ openssl x509 -in ${_fd_der} -inform der -outform pem -out ${_fd_pem} ) ``` ###### Convert PEM to DER ```bash ( _fd_der="cert.crt" ; _fd_pem="cert.pem" ; \ openssl x509 -in ${_fd_pem} -outform der -out ${_fd_der} ) ``` ###### Verification of the private key ```bash ( _fd="private.key" ; \ openssl rsa -noout -text -in ${_fd} ) ``` ###### Verification of the public key ```bash # 1) ( _fd="public.key" ; \ openssl pkey -noout -text -pubin -in ${_fd} ) # 2) ( _fd="private.key" ; \ openssl rsa -inform PEM -noout -in ${_fd} &> /dev/null ; \ if [ $? = 0 ] ; then echo -en "OK\n" ; fi ) ``` ###### Verification of the certificate ```bash ( _fd="certificate.crt" ; # format: pem, cer, crt \ openssl x509 -noout -text -in ${_fd} ) ``` ###### Verification of the CSR ```bash ( _fd_csr="request.csr" ; \ openssl req -text -noout -in ${_fd_csr} ) ``` ###### Check the private key and the certificate are match ```bash (openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in private.key | openssl md5 ; \ openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in certificate.crt | openssl md5) | uniq ``` ###### Check the private key and the CSR are match ```bash (openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in private.key | openssl md5 ; \ openssl req -noout -modulus -in request.csr | openssl md5) | uniq ``` ___ ##### Tool: [secure-delete](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Securely_wipe_disk) ###### Secure delete with shred ```bash shred -vfuz -n 10 file shred --verbose --random-source=/dev/urandom -n 1 /dev/sda ``` ###### Secure delete with scrub ```bash scrub -p dod /dev/sda scrub -p dod -r file ``` ###### Secure delete with badblocks ```bash badblocks -s -w -t random -v /dev/sda badblocks -c 10240 -s -w -t random -v /dev/sda ``` ###### Secure delete with secure-delete ```bash srm -vz /tmp/file sfill -vz /local sdmem -v swapoff /dev/sda5 && sswap -vz /dev/sda5 ``` ___ ##### Tool: [dd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dd_(Unix)) ###### Show dd status every so often ```bash dd status=progress watch --interval 5 killall -USR1 dd ``` ###### Redirect output to a file with dd ```bash echo "string" | dd of=filename ``` ___ ##### Tool: [gpg](https://www.gnupg.org/) ###### Export public key ```bash gpg --export --armor "" > username.pkey ``` * `--export` - export all keys from all keyrings or specific key * `-a|--armor` - create ASCII armored output ###### Encrypt file ```bash gpg -e -r "" dump.sql ``` * `-e|--encrypt` - encrypt data * `-r|--recipient` - encrypt for specific ###### Decrypt file ```bash gpg -o dump.sql -d dump.sql.gpg ``` * `-o|--output` - use as output file * `-d|--decrypt` - decrypt data (default) ###### Search recipient ```bash gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com --search-keys "" ``` * `--keyserver` - set specific key server * `--search-keys` - search for keys on a key server ###### List all of the packets in an encrypted file ```bash gpg --batch --list-packets archive.gpg gpg2 --batch --list-packets archive.gpg ``` ___ ##### Tool: [system-other](https://github.com/trimstray/the-book-of-secret-knowledge#tool-system-other) ###### Reboot system from init ```bash exec /sbin/init 6 ``` ###### Init system from single user mode ```bash exec /sbin/init ``` ###### Show current working directory of a process ```bash readlink -f /proc//cwd ``` ###### Show actual pathname of the executed command ```bash readlink -f /proc//exe ``` ##### Tool: [curl](https://curl.haxx.se) ```bash curl -Iks https://www.google.com ``` * `-I` - show response headers only * `-k` - insecure connection when using ssl * `-s` - silent mode (not display body) ```bash curl -Iks --location -X GET -A "x-agent" https://www.google.com ``` * `--location` - follow redirects * `-X` - set method * `-A` - set user-agent ```bash curl -Iks --location -X GET -A "x-agent" --proxy http://127.0.0.1:16379 https://www.google.com ``` * `--proxy [socks5://|http://]` - set proxy server ```bash curl -o file.pdf -C - https://example.com/Aiju2goo0Ja2.pdf ``` * `-o` - write output to file * `-C` - resume the transfer ###### Find your external IP address (external services) ```bash curl ipinfo.io curl ipinfo.io/ip curl icanhazip.com curl ifconfig.me/ip ; echo ``` ###### Repeat URL request ```bash # URL sequence substitution with a dummy query string: curl -ks https://example.com/?[1-20] # With shell 'for' loop: for i in {1..20} ; do curl -ks https://example.com/ ; done ``` ###### Check DNS and HTTP trace with headers for specific domains ```bash ### Set domains and external dns servers. _domain_list=(google.com) ; _dns_list=("8.8.8.8" "1.1.1.1") for _domain in "${_domain_list[@]}" ; do printf '=%.0s' {1..48} echo printf "[\\e[1;32m+\\e[m] resolve: %s\\n" "$_domain" for _dns in "${_dns_list[@]}" ; do # Resolve domain. host "${_domain}" "${_dns}" echo done for _proto in http https ; do printf "[\\e[1;32m+\\e[m] trace + headers: %s://%s\\n" "$_proto" "$_domain" # Get trace and http headers. curl -Iks -A "x-agent" --location "${_proto}://${_domain}" echo done done unset _domain_list _dns_list ``` ___ ##### Tool: [httpie](https://httpie.org/) ```bash http -p Hh https://www.google.com ``` * `-p` - print request and response headers * `H` - request headers * `B` - request body * `h` - response headers * `b` - response body ```bash http -p Hh https://www.google.com --follow --verify no ``` * `-F, --follow` - follow redirects * `--verify no` - skip SSL verification ```bash http -p Hh https://www.google.com --follow --verify no \ --proxy http:http://127.0.0.1:16379 ``` * `--proxy [http:]` - set proxy server ##### Tool: [ssh](https://www.openssh.com/) ###### Escape Sequence ``` # Supported escape sequences: ~. - terminate connection (and any multiplexed sessions) ~B - send a BREAK to the remote system ~C - open a command line ~R - Request rekey (SSH protocol 2 only) ~^Z - suspend ssh ~# - list forwarded connections ~& - background ssh (when waiting for connections to terminate) ~? - this message ~~ - send the escape character by typing it twice ``` ###### Compare a remote file with a local file ```bash ssh user@host cat /path/to/remotefile | diff /path/to/localfile - ``` ###### SSH connection through host in the middle ```bash ssh -t reachable_host ssh unreachable_host ``` ###### Run command over SSH on remote host ```bash cat > cmd.txt << __EOF__ cat /etc/hosts __EOF__ ssh host -l user $(&1 | tee -a "${_sesdir}/$(date +%Y%m%d).log" } # Alias: alias ssh='_ssh_sesslog' ``` ###### Using Keychain for SSH logins ```bash ### Delete all of ssh-agent's keys. function _scl() { /usr/bin/keychain --clear } ### Add key to keychain. function _scg() { /usr/bin/keychain /path/to/private-key source "$HOME/.keychain/$HOSTNAME-sh" } ``` ###### SSH login without processing any login scripts ```bash ssh -tt user@host bash ``` ###### SSH local port forwarding Example 1: ```bash # Forwarding our local 2250 port to nmap.org:443 from localhost through localhost host1> ssh -L 2250:nmap.org:443 localhost # Connect to the service: host1> curl -Iks --location -X GET https://localhost:2250 ``` Example 2: ```bash # Forwarding our local 9051 port to db.d.x:5432 from localhost through node.d.y host1> ssh -nNT -L 9051:db.d.x:5432 node.d.y # Connect to the service: host1> psql -U db_user -d db_dev -p 9051 -h localhost ``` * `-n` - redirects stdin from `/dev/null` * `-N` - do not execute a remote command * `-T` - disable pseudo-terminal allocation ###### SSH remote port forwarding ```bash # Forwarding our local 9051 port to db.d.x:5432 from host2 through node.d.y host1> ssh -nNT -R 9051:db.d.x:5432 node.d.y # Connect to the service: host2> psql -U postgres -d postgres -p 8000 -h localhost ``` ___ ##### Tool: [linux-dev](https://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/devref1.html) ###### Testing remote connection to port ```bash timeout 1 bash -c "//" >/dev/null 2>&1 ; echo $? ``` * `` - set remote host * `` - set destination port ###### Read and write to TCP or UDP sockets with common bash tools ```bash exec 5<>/dev/tcp//; cat <&5 & cat >&5; exec 5>&- ``` ___ ##### Tool: [tcpdump](http://www.tcpdump.org/) ###### Filter incoming (on interface) traffic (specific ) ```bash tcpdump -ne -i eth0 -Q in host 192.168.252.1 and port 443 ``` * `-n` - don't convert addresses (`-nn` will not resolve hostnames or ports) * `-e` - print the link-level headers * `-i [iface|any]` - set interface * `-Q|-D [in|out|inout]` - choose send/receive direction (`-D` - for old tcpdump versions) * `host [ip|hostname]` - set host, also `[host not]` * `[and|or]` - set logic * `port [1-65535]` - set port number, also `[port not]` ###### Filter incoming (on interface) traffic (specific ) and write to a file ```bash tcpdump -ne -i eth0 -Q in host 192.168.252.1 and port 443 -c 5 -w tcpdump.pcap ``` * `-c [num]` - capture only num number of packets * `-w [filename]` - write packets to file, `-r [filename]` - reading from file ###### Capture all ICMP packets ```bash tcpdump -nei eth0 icmp ``` ###### Check protocol used (TCP or UDP) for service ```bash tcpdump -nei eth0 tcp port 22 -vv -X | egrep "TCP|UDP" ``` ###### Display ASCII text (to parse the output using grep or other) ```bash tcpdump -i eth0 -A -s0 port 443 ``` ###### Grab everything between two keywords ```bash tcpdump -i eth0 port 80 -X | sed -n -e '/username/,/=ldap/ p' ``` ###### Grab user and pass ever plain http ```bash tcpdump -i eth0 port http -l -A | egrep -i \ 'pass=|pwd=|log=|login=|user=|username=|pw=|passw=|passwd=|password=|pass:|user:|username:|password:|login:|pass |user ' \ --color=auto --line-buffered -B20 ``` ###### Extract HTTP User Agent from HTTP request header ```bash tcpdump -ei eth0 -nn -A -s1500 -l | grep "User-Agent:" ``` ###### Capture only HTTP GET and POST packets ```bash tcpdump -ei eth0 -s 0 -A -vv \ 'tcp[((tcp[12:1] & 0xf0) >> 2):4] = 0x47455420' or 'tcp[((tcp[12:1] & 0xf0) >> 2):4] = 0x504f5354' ``` or simply: ```bash tcpdump -ei eth0 -s 0 -v -n -l | egrep -i "POST /|GET /|Host:" ``` ###### Rotate capture files ```bash tcpdump -ei eth0 -w /tmp/capture-%H.pcap -G 3600 -C 200 ``` * `-G ` - pcap will be created every `` seconds * `-C ` - close the current pcap and open a new one if is larger than `` ###### Top hosts by packets ```bash tcpdump -ei enp0s25 -nnn -t -c 200 | cut -f 1,2,3,4 -d '.' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 20 ``` ###### Excludes any RFC 1918 private address ```bash tcpdump -nei eth0 'not (src net (10 or 172.16/12 or 192.168/16) and dst net (10 or 172.16/12 or 192.168/16))' ``` ___ ##### Tool: [tcpick](http://tcpick.sourceforge.net/) ###### Analyse packets in real-time ```bash while true ; do tcpick -a -C -r dump.pcap ; sleep 2 ; clear ; done ``` ___ ##### Tool: [ngrep](http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/usage.html) ```bash ngrep -d eth0 "www.domain.com" port 443 ``` * `-d [iface|any]` - set interface * `[domain]` - set hostname * `port [1-65535]` - set port number ```bash ngrep -d eth0 "www.domain.com" src host 10.240.20.2 and port 443 ``` * `(host [ip|hostname])` - filter by ip or hostname * `(port [1-65535])` - filter by port number ```bash ngrep -d eth0 -qt -O ngrep.pcap "www.domain.com" port 443 ``` * `-q` - quiet mode (only payloads) * `-t` - added timestamps * `-O [filename]` - save output to file, `-I [filename]` - reading from file ```bash ngrep -d eth0 -qt 'HTTP' 'tcp' ``` * `HTTP` - show http headers * `tcp|udp` - set protocol * `[src|dst] host [ip|hostname]` - set direction for specific node ```bash ngrep -l -q -d eth0 -i "User-Agent: curl*" ``` * `-l` - stdout line buffered * `-i` - case-insensitive search ___ ##### Tool: [hping3](http://www.hping.org/) ```bash hping3 -V -p 80 -s 5050 www.google.com ``` * `-V|--verbose` - verbose mode * `-p|--destport` - set destination port * `-s|--baseport` - set source port * `` - set scan type * `-F|--fin` - set FIN flag, port open if no reply * `-S|--syn` - set SYN flag * `-P|--push` - set PUSH flag * `-A|--ack` - set ACK flag (use when ping is blocked, RST response back if the port is open) * `-U|--urg` - set URG flag * `-Y|--ymas` - set Y unused flag (0x80 - nullscan), port open if no reply * `-M 0 -UPF` - set TCP sequence number and scan type (URG+PUSH+FIN), port open if no reply ```bash hping3 -V -c 1 -1 -C 8 www.google.com ``` * `-c [num]` - packet count * `-1` - set ICMP mode * `-C|--icmptype [icmp-num]` - set icmp type (default icmp-echo = 8) ```bash hping3 -V -c 1000000 -d 120 -S -w 64 -p 80 --flood --rand-source ``` * `--flood` - sent packets as fast as possible (don't show replies) * `--rand-source` - random source address mode * `-d --data` - data size * `-w|--win` - winsize (default 64) ___ ##### Tool: [nmap](https://nmap.org/) ###### Ping scans the network ```bash nmap -sP 192.168.0.0/24 ``` ###### Show only open ports ```bash nmap -F --open 192.168.0.0/24 ``` ###### Full TCP port scan using with service version detection ```bash nmap -p 1-65535 -sV -sS -T4 192.168.0.0/24 ``` ###### Nmap scan and pass output to Nikto ```bash nmap -p80,443 192.168.0.0/24 -oG - | nikto.pl -h - ``` ###### Recon specific ip:service with Nmap NSE scripts stack ```bash # Set variables: _hosts="192.168.250.10" _ports="80,443" # Set Nmap NSE scripts stack: _nmap_nse_scripts="+dns-brute,\ +http-auth-finder,\ +http-chrono,\ +http-cookie-flags,\ +http-cors,\ +http-cross-domain-policy,\ +http-csrf,\ +http-dombased-xss,\ +http-enum,\ +http-errors,\ +http-git,\ +http-grep,\ +http-internal-ip-disclosure,\ +http-jsonp-detection,\ +http-malware-host,\ +http-methods,\ +http-passwd,\ +http-phpself-xss,\ +http-php-version,\ +http-robots.txt,\ +http-sitemap-generator,\ +http-shellshock,\ +http-stored-xss,\ +http-title,\ +http-unsafe-output-escaping,\ +http-useragent-tester,\ +http-vhosts,\ +http-waf-detect,\ +http-waf-fingerprint,\ +http-xssed,\ +traceroute-geolocation.nse,\ +ssl-enum-ciphers,\ +whois-domain,\ +whois-ip" # Set Nmap NSE script params: _nmap_nse_scripts_args="dns-brute.domain=${_hosts},http-cross-domain-policy.domain-lookup=true," _nmap_nse_scripts_args+="http-waf-detect.aggro,http-waf-detect.detectBodyChanges," _nmap_nse_scripts_args+="http-waf-fingerprint.intensive=1" # Perform scan: nmap --script="$_nmap_nse_scripts" --script-args="$_nmap_nse_scripts_args" -p "$_ports" "$_hosts" ``` ___ ##### Tool: [netcat](http://netcat.sourceforge.net/) ```bash nc -kl 5000 ``` * `-l` - listen for an incoming connection * `-k` - listening after client has disconnected * `>filename.out` - save receive data to file (optional) ```bash nc 192.168.0.1 5051 < filename.in ``` * `< filename.in` - send data to remote host ```bash nc -vz 10.240.30.3 5000 ``` * `-v` - verbose output * `-z` - scan for listening daemons ```bash nc -vzu 10.240.30.3 1-65535 ``` * `-u` - scan only udp ports ###### Transfer data file (archive) ```bash server> nc -l 5000 | tar xzvfp - client> tar czvfp - /path/to/dir | nc 10.240.30.3 5000 ``` ###### Launch remote shell ```bash # 1) server> nc -l 5000 -e /bin/bash client> nc 10.240.30.3 5000 # 2) server> rm -f /tmp/f; mkfifo /tmp/f server> cat /tmp/f | /bin/bash -i 2>&1 | nc -l 127.0.0.1 5000 > /tmp/f client> nc 10.240.30.3 5000 ``` ###### Simple file server ```bash while true ; do nc -l 5000 | tar -xvf - ; done ``` ###### Simple minimal HTTP Server ```bash while true ; do nc -l -p 1500 -c 'echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\n $(date)"' ; done ``` ###### Simple HTTP Server > Restarts web server after each request - remove `while` condition for only single connection. ```bash cat > index.html << __EOF__

Hello! It's a site.

__EOF__ ``` ```bash server> while : ; do \ (echo -ne "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: $(wc -c /" <"$_sent" & sed "s/^/<= /" <"$_recv" & nc -l -p "$_listen_port" <"$_back" | \ tee "$_sent" | \ nc "$_bk_host" "$_bk_port" | \ tee "$_recv" >"$_back" ``` ```bash server> chmod +x nc-proxy && ./nc-proxy 8080 192.168.252.10:8000 lport: 8080 bk_host: 192.168.252.10 bk_port: 8000 client> http -p h 10.240.30.3:8080 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: max-age=31536000 Content-Length: 2748 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Date: Sun, 01 Jul 2018 20:12:08 GMT Last-Modified: Sun, 01 Apr 2018 21:53:37 GMT ``` ###### Create a single-use TCP or UDP proxy ```bash ### TCP -> TCP nc -l -p 2000 -c "nc [ip|hostname] 3000" ### TCP -> UDP nc -l -p 2000 -c "nc -u [ip|hostname] 3000" ### UDP -> UDP nc -l -u -p 2000 -c "nc -u [ip|hostname] 3000" ### UDP -> TCP nc -l -u -p 2000 -c "nc [ip|hostname] 3000" ``` ___ ##### Tool: [gnutls-cli](https://gnutls.org/manual/html_node/gnutls_002dcli-Invocation.html) ###### Testing connection to remote host (with SNI support) ```bash gnutls-cli -p 443 google.com ``` ###### Testing connection to remote host (without SNI support) ```bash gnutls-cli --disable-sni -p 443 google.com ``` ___ ##### Tool: [socat](http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/doc/socat.html) ###### Testing remote connection to port ```bash socat - TCP4:10.240.30.3:22 ``` * `-` - standard input (STDIO) * `TCP4:` - set tcp4 connection with specific params * `[hostname|ip]` - set hostname/ip * `[1-65535]` - set port number ###### Redirecting TCP-traffic to a UNIX domain socket under Linux ```bash socat TCP-LISTEN:1234,bind=127.0.0.1,reuseaddr,fork,su=nobody,range=127.0.0.0/8 UNIX-CLIENT:/tmp/foo ``` * `TCP-LISTEN:` - set tcp listen with specific params * `[1-65535]` - set port number * `bind=[hostname|ip]` - set bind hostname/ip * `reuseaddr` - allows other sockets to bind to an address * `fork` - keeps the parent process attempting to produce more connections * `su=nobody` - set user * `range=[ip-range]` - ip range * `UNIX-CLIENT:` - communicates with the specified peer socket * `filename` - define socket ___ ##### Tool: [p0f](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/p0f3/) ###### Set iface in promiscuous mode and dump traffic to the log file ```bash p0f -i enp0s25 -p -d -o /dump/enp0s25.log ``` * `-i` - listen on the specified interface * `-p` - set interface in promiscuous mode * `-d` - fork into background * `-o` - output file ___ ##### Tool: [netstat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netstat) ###### Graph # of connections for each hosts ```bash netstat -an | awk '/ESTABLISHED/ { split($5,ip,":"); if (ip[1] !~ /^$/) print ip[1] }' | \ sort | uniq -c | awk '{ printf("%s\t%s\t",$2,$1) ; for (i = 0; i < $1; i++) {printf("*")}; print "" }' ``` ###### Monitor open connections for specific port including listen, count and sort it per IP ```bash watch "netstat -plan | grep :443 | awk {'print \$5'} | cut -d: -f 1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nk 1" ``` ###### Grab banners from local IPv4 listening ports ```bash netstat -nlt | grep 'tcp ' | grep -Eo "[1-9][0-9]*" | xargs -I {} sh -c "echo "" | nc -v -n -w1 127.0.0.1 {}" ``` ___ ##### Tool: [rsync](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync) ###### Rsync remote data as root using sudo ```bash rsync --rsync-path 'sudo rsync' username@hostname:/path/to/dir/ /local/ ``` ___ ##### Tool: [host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(Unix)) ###### Resolves the domain name (using external dns server) ```bash host google.com 9.9.9.9 ``` ###### Checks the domain administrator (SOA record) ```bash host -t soa google.com 9.9.9.9 ``` ___ ##### Tool: [dig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dig_(command)) ###### Resolves the domain name (short output) ```bash dig google.com +short ``` ###### Lookup NS record for specific domain ```bash dig @9.9.9.9 google.com NS ``` ###### Query only answer section ```bash dig google.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ``` ###### Query ALL DNS Records ```bash dig google.com ANY +noall +answer ``` ###### DNS Reverse Look-up ```bash dig -x 172.217.16.14 +short ``` ___ ##### Tool: [certbot](https://certbot.eff.org/) ###### Generate multidomain certificate ```bash certbot certonly -d example.com -d www.example.com ``` ###### Generate wildcard certificate ```bash certbot certonly --manual --preferred-challenges=dns -d example.com -d *.example.com ``` ###### Generate certificate with 4096 bit private key ```bash certbot certonly -d example.com -d www.example.com --rsa-key-size 4096 ``` ___ ##### Tool: [network-other](https://github.com/trimstray/the-book-of-secret-knowledge#tool-network-other) ###### Get all subnets for specific AS (Autonomous system) ```bash AS="AS32934" whois -h whois.radb.net -- "-i origin ${AS}" | \ grep "^route:" | \ cut -d ":" -f2 | \ sed -e 's/^[ \t]//' | \ sort -n -t . -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -k 4,4 | \ cut -d ":" -f2 | \ sed -e 's/^[ \t]/allow /' | \ sed 's/$/;/' | \ sed 's/allow */subnet -> /g' ``` ###### Resolves domain name from dns.google.com with curl and jq ```bash _dname="google.com" ; curl -s "https://dns.google.com/resolve?name=${_dname}&type=A" | jq . ``` ##### Tool: [git](https://git-scm.com/) ###### Log alias for a decent view of your repo ```bash # 1) git log --oneline --decorate --graph --all # 2) git log --graph \ --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' \ --abbrev-commit ``` ___ ##### Tool: [python](https://www.python.org/) ###### Static HTTP web server ```bash # Python 3.x python3 -m http.server 8000 --bind 127.0.0.1 # Python 2.x python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000 ``` ###### Static HTTP web server with SSL support ```bash # Python 3.x from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler import ssl httpd = HTTPServer(('localhost', 4443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler) httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, keyfile="path/to/key.pem", certfile='path/to/cert.pem', server_side=True) httpd.serve_forever() # Python 2.x import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer import ssl httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('localhost', 4443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler) httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, keyfile="path/tp/key.pem", certfile='path/to/cert.pem', server_side=True) httpd.serve_forever() ``` ###### Encode base64 ```bash python -m base64 -e <<< "sample string" ``` ###### Decode base64 ```bash python -m base64 -d <<< "dGhpcyBpcyBlbmNvZGVkCg==" ``` ##### Tool: [awk](http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Awk.html) ###### Search for matching lines ```bash # egrep foo awk '/foo/' filename ``` ###### Search non matching lines ```bash # egrep -v foo awk '!/foo/' filename ``` ###### Print matching lines with numbers ```bash # egrep -n foo awk '/foo/{print FNR,$0}' filename ``` ###### Print the last column ```bash awk '{print $NF}' filename ``` ###### Find all the lines longer than 80 characters ```bash awk 'length($0)>80{print FNR,$0}' filename ``` ###### Print only lines of less than 80 characters ```bash awk 'length < 80' filename ``` ###### Print double new lines a file ```bash awk '1; { print "" }' filename ``` ###### Print line numbers ```bash awk '{ print FNR "\t" $0 }' filename awk '{ printf("%5d : %s\n", NR, $0) }' filename # in a fancy manner ``` ###### Print line numbers for only non-blank lines ```bash awk 'NF { $0=++a " :" $0 }; { print }' filename ``` ###### Print the line and the next two (i=5) lines after the line matching regexp ```bash awk '/foo/{i=5+1;}{if(i){i--; print;}}' filename ``` ###### Print the lines starting at the line matching 'server {' until the line matching '}' ```bash awk '/server {/,/}/' filename ``` ###### Print multiple columns with separators ```bash awk -F' ' '{print "ip:\t" $2 "\n port:\t" $3' filename ``` ###### Remove empty lines ```bash awk 'NF > 0' filename # alternative: awk NF filename ``` ###### Delete trailing white space (spaces, tabs) ```bash awk '{sub(/[ \t]*$/, "");print}' filename ``` ###### Delete leading white space ```bash awk '{sub(/^[ \t]+/, ""); print}' filename ``` ###### Remove duplicate consecutive lines ```bash # uniq awk 'a !~ $0{print}; {a=$0}' filename ``` ###### Remove duplicate entries in a file without sorting ```bash awk '!x[$0]++' filename ``` ###### Exclude multiple columns ```bash awk '{$1=$3=""}1' filename ``` ###### Substitute foo for bar on lines matching regexp ```bash awk '/regexp/{gsub(/foo/, "bar")};{print}' filename ``` ###### Add some characters at the beginning of matching lines ```bash awk '/regexp/{sub(/^/, "++++"); print;next;}{print}' filename ``` ###### Get the last hour of Apache logs ```bash awk '/'$(date -d "1 hours ago" "+%d\\/%b\\/%Y:%H:%M")'/,/'$(date "+%d\\/%b\\/%Y:%H:%M")'/ { print $0 }' \ /var/log/httpd/access_log ``` ___ ##### Tool: [sed](http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sed.html) ###### Print a specific line from a file ```bash sed -n 10p /path/to/file ``` ###### Remove a specific line from a file ```bash sed -i 10d /path/to/file # alternative (BSD): sed -i'' 10d /path/to/file ``` ###### Remove a range of lines from a file ```bash sed -i -re ',d' ``` ###### Replace newline(s) with a space ```bash sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/ /g' /path/to/file # cross-platform compatible syntax: sed -e ':a' -e 'N' -e '$!ba' -e 's/\n/ /g' /path/to/file ``` - `:a` create a label `a` - `N` append the next line to the pattern space - `$!` if not the last line, ba branch (go to) label `a` - `s` substitute, `/\n/` regex for new line, `/ /` by a space, `/g` global match (as many times as it can) Alternatives: ```bash # perl version (sed-like speed): perl -p -e 's/\n/ /' /path/to/file # bash version (slow): while read line ; do printf "%s" "$line " ; done < file ``` ###### Delete string +N next lines ```bash sed '/start/,+4d' /path/to/file ``` ___ ##### Tool: [grep](http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Grep.html) ###### Search for a "pattern" inside all files in the current directory ```bash grep -rn "pattern" grep -RnisI "pattern" * fgrep "pattern" * -R ``` ###### Show only for multiple patterns ```bash grep 'INFO*'\''WARN' filename grep 'INFO\|WARN' filename grep -e INFO -e WARN filename grep -E '(INFO|WARN)' filename egrep "INFO|WARN" filename ``` ###### Except multiple patterns ```bash grep -vE '(error|critical|warning)' filename ``` ###### Show data from file without comments ```bash grep -v ^[[:space:]]*# filename ``` ###### Show data from file without comments and new lines ```bash egrep -v '#|^$' filename ``` ###### Show strings with a dash/hyphen ```bash grep -e -- filename grep -- -- filename grep "\-\-" filename ``` ###### Remove blank lines from a file and save output to new file ```bash grep . filename > newfilename ``` ##### Tool: [perl](https://www.perl.org/) ###### Search and replace (in place) ```bash perl -i -pe's/SEARCH/REPLACE/' filename ``` ###### Edit of `*.conf` files changing all foo to bar (and backup original) ```bash perl -p -i.orig -e 's/\bfoo\b/bar/g' *.conf ``` ###### Prints the first 20 lines from `*.conf` files ```bash perl -pe 'exit if $. > 20' *.conf ``` ###### Search lines 10 to 20 ```bash perl -ne 'print if 10 .. 20' filename ``` ###### Delete first 10 lines (and backup original) ```bash perl -i.orig -ne 'print unless 1 .. 10' filename ``` ###### Delete all but lines between foo and bar (and backup original) ```bash perl -i.orig -ne 'print unless /^foo$/ .. /^bar$/' filename ``` ###### Reduce multiple blank lines to a single line ```bash perl -p -i -00pe0 filename ``` ###### Convert tabs to spaces (1t = 2sp) ```bash perl -p -i -e 's/\t/ /g' filename ``` ###### Read input from a file and report number of lines and characters ```bash perl -lne '$i++; $in += length($_); END { print "$i lines, $in characters"; }' filename ``` #### Shell Tricks  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) When you get a shell, it is generally not very clean, but after following these steps, you will have a fairly clean and comfortable shell to work with. 1) `script /dev/null -c bash` 2) Ctrl-Z (to send it to background) 3) `stty raw -echo; fg` (returns the shell to foreground) 4) `reset` (to reset terminal) 5) `xterm` (when asked for terminal type) 6) `export TERM=xterm; export SHELL=bash` #### Shell functions  [[TOC]](#anger-table-of-contents) ##### Table of Contents - [Domain resolve](#domain-resolve) - [Get ASN](#get-asn) ###### Domain resolve ```bash # Dependencies: # - curl # - jq function DomainResolve() { local _host="$1" local _curl_base="curl --request GET" local _timeout="15" _host_ip=$($_curl_base -ks -m "$_timeout" "https://dns.google.com/resolve?name=${_host}&type=A" | \ jq '.Answer[0].data' | tr -d "\"" 2>/dev/null) if [[ -z "$_host_ip" ]] || [[ "$_host_ip" == "null" ]] ; then echo -en "Unsuccessful domain name resolution.\\n" else echo -en "$_host > $_host_ip\\n" fi } ``` Example: ```bash shell> DomainResolve nmap.org nmap.org > 45.33.49.119 shell> DomainResolve nmap.org Unsuccessful domain name resolution. ``` ###### Get ASN ```bash # Dependencies: # - curl function GetASN() { local _ip="$1" local _curl_base="curl --request GET" local _timeout="15" _asn=$($_curl_base -ks -m "$_timeout" "http://ip-api.com/line/${_ip}?fields=as") _state=$(echo $?) if [[ -z "$_ip" ]] || [[ "$_ip" == "null" ]] || [[ "$_state" -ne 0 ]]; then echo -en "Unsuccessful ASN gathering.\\n" else echo -en "$_ip > $_asn\\n" fi } ``` Example: ```bash shell> GetASN 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 > AS13335 Cloudflare, Inc. shell> GetASN 0.0.0.0 Unsuccessful ASN gathering. ```